Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid F by Bacillus Glycosyltransferase
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. BsGT110 Biotransforming GAF
2.2. GAF Glucoside Produced
2.3. GAF Glucoside Possessing High Aqueous Solubility
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Enzymes and Chemicals
3.2. In Vitro Biotransformation Assay
3.3. HPLC Analysis
3.4. Isolation and Identification of the Biotransformation Product
3.5. Determination of Solubility
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wu, J.W.; Zhao, W.; Zhong, J.J. Biotechnological production and application of ganoderic acids. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010, 87, 457–466. [Google Scholar]
- Xia, Q.; Zhang, H.; Sun, X.; Zhao, H.; Wu, L.; Zhu, D.; Yang, G.; Shao, Y.; Zhang, X.; Mao, X.; et al. A comprehensive review of the structure elucidation and biological activity of triterpenoids from Ganoderma spp. Molecules 2014, 19, 17478–17535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tiwari, P.; Sangwan, R.S.; Sangwan, N.S. Plant secondary metabolism linked glycosyltransferases: An update on expanding knowledge and scopes. Biotechnol. Adv. 2016, 34, 716–739. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, B.G.; Yang, S.M.; Kim, S.Y.; Cha, M.N.; Ahn, J.H. Biosynthesis and production of glycosylated flavonoids in Escherichia coli: Current state and perspectives. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2015, 99, 2979–2988. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hofer, B. Recent developments in the enzymatic O-glycosylation of flavonoids. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016, 100, 4269–4281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chiang, C.M.; Wang, T.Y.; Yang, S.Y.; Wu, J.Y.; Chang, T.S. Production of new isoflavone glucosides from glycosylation of 8-hydroxydaidzein by glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Catalysts 2018, 8, 387. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, T.S.; Chiang, C.M.; Kao, Y.H.; Wu, J.Y.; Wu, Y.W.; Wang, T.Y. A new triterpenoid glucoside from a novel acidic glycosylation of ganoderic acid A via recombinant glycosyltransferase of Bacillus subtilis. Molecules 2019, 24, 3457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, J.Y.; Ding, H.Y.; Wang, T.Y.; Zhang, Y.R.; Chang, T.S. Glycosylation of ganoderic acid G by Bacillus glycosyltransferases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9744. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Huang, G.; Lv, M.; Hu, J.; Huang, K.; Xu, H. Glycosylation and activities of natural products. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 2016, 16, 1013–1016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhao, J.; Yang, J.; Xie, Y. Improvement strategies for the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble flavonoids: An overview. Int. J. Pharm. 2019, 570, 118642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fu, J.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, L. Clinical applications of the naturally occurring or synthetic glycosylated low molecular weight. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 2019, 163, 487–522. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
Triterpenoid | Aqueous Solubility (mg/L) 1 | Fold 2 |
---|---|---|
GAF | 11.7 ± 1.4 | 1.0 |
GAF glucoside | 1044.2 ± 61.4 | 89.2 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Chang, T.-S. Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid F by Bacillus Glycosyltransferase. Agrochemicals 2022, 1, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals1010003
Chang T-S. Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid F by Bacillus Glycosyltransferase. Agrochemicals. 2022; 1(1):17-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals1010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Te-Sheng. 2022. "Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid F by Bacillus Glycosyltransferase" Agrochemicals 1, no. 1: 17-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals1010003