Odorant Receptors and Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Odorant Receptors
2.1. ORs in Cancer
2.1.1. Prostate Cancer
2.1.2. Breast Cancer
2.1.3. Leukemia
2.1.4. Melanoma
2.1.5. Gliomas
2.1.6. Gastric Cancer
2.2. ORs and Tumor Microenvironment
2.3. ORs and Angiogenesis
3. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
OR | Odorant receptor |
GPCR | G protein coupled receptor |
OSN | Olfactory sensory neuron |
AML | Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
TME | Tumor microenvironment |
GBM | Glioblastoma |
DLBCL | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
TAM | Tumor associated macrophages |
LGG | Low-grade glioma |
OS | Overall survival |
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Cancer | OR | OS * | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | OR2AE1, OR10A2, OR2G2 | Lower | [39] |
OR5C1, OR1L6, OR10A4, OR13F1 | Higher | [39] | |
OR52B6, OR2L3, OR52H1, OR2L5, OR2AK2, OR13D1, OR9A4, OR52K2, OR52K1, OR2G3, OR2B2, OR10A5 | - | [39] | |
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) | OR7A5 | Higher | [56] |
Breast cancer (BRCA) | OR7A5 | Higher | [56] |
OR2W3, OR2B6 | Lower | [4] | |
OR5B21 | Higher | [57] | |
OR6M1 | - | [55] | |
OR2T6 | - | [14] | |
OR51J1 | - | [58] | |
OR3A4P | - | [59] | |
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | OR2AT4 | - | [52,60] |
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) | OR3A4P | - | [61] |
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) | OR3A4P | - | [56] |
Esophageal Cancer (EC) | OR3A4P | - | [61] |
Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) | OR3A4P | - | [61] |
Gastric Cancer (GC) | OR3A4P | - | [61] |
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) | OR7A5 | Lower | [62] |
OR7E156P | - | [49] | |
OR7D2, OR7E14P, OR4N2 | - | [49] | |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | OR3A4P | - | [63] |
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) | OR7A5 | Lower | [62] |
Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) | OR7A5 | Lower | [62] |
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | OR7A5 | Higher | [62] |
OR1A2 | - | [51] | |
Low-grade glioma (LGG) | OR7A5 | Lower | [62] |
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) | OR7A5 | Lower | [62] |
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) | OR7A5 | Higher | [62] |
OR51E1 | - | [64] | |
Malignant Melanoma (MM) | OR2C3 | - | [37] |
OR51E2 | - | [3] | |
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | OR2J3 | - | [54] |
Osteosarcoma | OR3A4P | - | [65] |
Ovarian Cancer | OR3A4P | - | [66] |
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSA) | OR7A5 | Lower | [62] |
Pancreas (PDAC) | OR13C4 | - | [67] |
OR3A4P | - | [61] | |
Prostate (PCA) | OR51E1 | - | [38,53] |
OR51E2 | - | [38] | |
Small intestine neuroendocrine carcinomas (SI-NEC) | OR51E1 | - | [68] |
Thymoma (THYM) | OR7A5 | Higher | [62] |
Thyroid cancer (THCA) | OR7A5 | Higher | [62] |
Urinary bladder cancer (BLCA) | OR10H1 | - | [69] |
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) | OR7A5 | Lower | [62] |
Therapeutic Potential | Challenges |
---|---|
Therapeutic activation by specific ligands |
|
Biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, or minimum residual disease |
|
Therapeutic targets for CAR-T or monoclonal antibodies |
|
Regulatory function as RNA |
|
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Naressi, R.G.; Malnic, B.; Gutiyama, L.M. Odorant Receptors and Cancer. Receptors 2025, 4, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors4020011
Naressi RG, Malnic B, Gutiyama LM. Odorant Receptors and Cancer. Receptors. 2025; 4(2):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors4020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaressi, Rafaella G., Bettina Malnic, and Luciana M. Gutiyama. 2025. "Odorant Receptors and Cancer" Receptors 4, no. 2: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors4020011
APA StyleNaressi, R. G., Malnic, B., & Gutiyama, L. M. (2025). Odorant Receptors and Cancer. Receptors, 4(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/receptors4020011