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10.52010/ijom.1989.15.3.1
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International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy is published by MDPI from Volume 51 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the previous journal publisher.
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Article

Orofacial Myofunctional Factors at Ages Six and Eight

by
Gloria D. Kellum
1,*,
Sue T. Hale
1,
Siphan Sisakun
1,
Stephen C. Messer
2,
Brooke A. Benson
2,
Alan M. Gross
2 and
F. Watt Bishop
3
1
Department of Communicative Disorders, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
2
Department of Psychology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
3
One Health Center, Oxford, MS, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1989, 15(3), 3-7; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1989.15.3.1
Submission received: 1 November 1989 / Revised: 1 November 1989 / Accepted: 1 November 1989 / Published: 1 November 1989

Abstract

In May, 1987, a longitudinal study of children's orofacial, dental and speech characteristics was initiated with the following objectives: ( 1 ) to determine the characteristics that were typical for certain ages; (2) to examine changes in those characteristics over time; (3) to develop reliable methods for observing these factors in children; and, (4) to determine the significant characteristics which warrant professional referrals and follow-up. Two-year retest intervals were established to examine changes in the assessed characteristics. The most recent data collection was conducted in May, 1989. The purpose of this article is to provide prospec¬tive data concerning the frequency and stability of behaviors consistent with objectives mentioned above. Information from the original study was previously reported (Hale, Kellum, Nason, and Johnson, 1988). This paper represents the results of the follow-up assessment.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kellum, G.D.; Hale, S.T.; Sisakun, S.; Messer, S.C.; Benson, B.A.; Gross, A.M.; Bishop, F.W. Orofacial Myofunctional Factors at Ages Six and Eight. Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1989, 15, 3-7. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1989.15.3.1

AMA Style

Kellum GD, Hale ST, Sisakun S, Messer SC, Benson BA, Gross AM, Bishop FW. Orofacial Myofunctional Factors at Ages Six and Eight. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy. 1989; 15(3):3-7. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1989.15.3.1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kellum, Gloria D., Sue T. Hale, Siphan Sisakun, Stephen C. Messer, Brooke A. Benson, Alan M. Gross, and F. Watt Bishop. 1989. "Orofacial Myofunctional Factors at Ages Six and Eight" International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy 15, no. 3: 3-7. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1989.15.3.1

APA Style

Kellum, G. D., Hale, S. T., Sisakun, S., Messer, S. C., Benson, B. A., Gross, A. M., & Bishop, F. W. (1989). Orofacial Myofunctional Factors at Ages Six and Eight. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy, 15(3), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1989.15.3.1

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