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Volume 10
Issue 2
10.52010/ijom.1984.10.2.4
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International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy is published by MDPI from Volume 51 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM).
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Case Report

Influence of Respiratory Pattern on Craniofacial Growth

by
James A. McNamara, Jr.
Center for Human Growth and Development, 1111 East Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1984, 10(2), 14-32; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1984.10.2.4
Submission received: 1 July 1984 / Revised: 1 July 1984 / Accepted: 1 July 1984 / Published: 1 July 1984

Abstract

Mouth breathing is an inevitable result of obstruction of the nasal airway. Associated changes in mandibular posture and the function of related muscles have long been postulated to cause undesirable changes in facial growth. Evidence for such a cause­effect relationship is reviewed and illustrated with clinical records.

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MDPI and ACS Style

McNamara, J.A., Jr. Influence of Respiratory Pattern on Craniofacial Growth. Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1984, 10, 14-32. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1984.10.2.4

AMA Style

McNamara JA Jr. Influence of Respiratory Pattern on Craniofacial Growth. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy. 1984; 10(2):14-32. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1984.10.2.4

Chicago/Turabian Style

McNamara, James A., Jr. 1984. "Influence of Respiratory Pattern on Craniofacial Growth" International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy 10, no. 2: 14-32. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1984.10.2.4

APA Style

McNamara, J. A., Jr. (1984). Influence of Respiratory Pattern on Craniofacial Growth. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy, 10(2), 14-32. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1984.10.2.4

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