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Article

A Transparent House Price Prediction Framework Using Ensemble Learning, Genetic Algorithm-Based Tuning, and ANOVA-Based Feature Analysis

by
Mohammed Ibrahim Hussain
1,
Arslan Munir
2,*,
Mohammad Mamun
1,
Safiul Haque Chowdhury
1,
Nazim Uddin
3 and
Muhammad Minoar Hossain
1,4
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
2
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
3
Department of ICT, Chandpur Science and Technology University, Chandpur 3600, Bangladesh
4
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
FinTech 2025, 4(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech4030033
Submission received: 3 June 2025 / Revised: 7 July 2025 / Accepted: 8 July 2025 / Published: 18 July 2025
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Abstract

House price prediction is crucial in real estate for informed decision-making. This paper presents an automated prediction system that combines genetic algorithms (GA) for feature optimization and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for statistical analysis. We apply and compare five ensemble machine learning (ML) models, namely Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR), random forest regression (RFR), Categorical Boosting Regression (CBR), Adaptive Boosting Regression (ADBR), and Gradient Boosted Decision Trees Regression (GBDTR), on a comprehensive dataset. We used a dataset with 1000 samples with eight features and a secondary dataset for external validation with 3865 samples. Our integrated approach identifies Categorical Boosting with GA (CBRGA) as the best performer, achieving an R2 of 0.9973 and outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods. ANOVA-based analysis further enhances model interpretability and performance by isolating key factors such as square footage and lot size. To ensure robustness and transparency, we conduct 10-fold cross-validation and employ explainable AI techniques such as Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), providing insights into model decision-making and feature importance.
Keywords: machine learning; explainable artificial intelligence; genetic algorithms; ANOVA analysis; house price prediction machine learning; explainable artificial intelligence; genetic algorithms; ANOVA analysis; house price prediction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hussain, M.I.; Munir, A.; Mamun, M.; Chowdhury, S.H.; Uddin, N.; Hossain, M.M. A Transparent House Price Prediction Framework Using Ensemble Learning, Genetic Algorithm-Based Tuning, and ANOVA-Based Feature Analysis. FinTech 2025, 4, 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech4030033

AMA Style

Hussain MI, Munir A, Mamun M, Chowdhury SH, Uddin N, Hossain MM. A Transparent House Price Prediction Framework Using Ensemble Learning, Genetic Algorithm-Based Tuning, and ANOVA-Based Feature Analysis. FinTech. 2025; 4(3):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech4030033

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hussain, Mohammed Ibrahim, Arslan Munir, Mohammad Mamun, Safiul Haque Chowdhury, Nazim Uddin, and Muhammad Minoar Hossain. 2025. "A Transparent House Price Prediction Framework Using Ensemble Learning, Genetic Algorithm-Based Tuning, and ANOVA-Based Feature Analysis" FinTech 4, no. 3: 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech4030033

APA Style

Hussain, M. I., Munir, A., Mamun, M., Chowdhury, S. H., Uddin, N., & Hossain, M. M. (2025). A Transparent House Price Prediction Framework Using Ensemble Learning, Genetic Algorithm-Based Tuning, and ANOVA-Based Feature Analysis. FinTech, 4(3), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech4030033

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