Shed Roof Air Extractors and Collectors: Design Guidelines for Natural Ventilation in Generic Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection of Cases Analysed
2.2. Selection of Climatic Data
2.3. Computer Simulation
2.3.1. Model Generation
2.3.2. Computational Mesh Generation
2.3.3. Defining the Initial and Boundary Conditions
2.4. Analysis Parameters
3. Results
3.1. Design Guideline for the Use of the Shed Roof Air Extractors and Collector
3.2. Design Recommendations Regarding the Velocity of External Winds
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Analyzed Geometry | |
---|---|
Geometry One (G01) | Geometry Two (G02) |
Building size = 5.0 m × 7.5 m | Building size = 5.0 m × 7.5 m |
Ceiling height of the building = 5.0 m | Ceiling height of the building = 5.0 m |
N. sheds = 3 | N. sheds = 3 |
Distance between sheds = 2.5 m | Distance between sheds = 2.5 m |
Opening sizes = 0.625 m | Opening sizes = 0.625 m |
Vertical distance between openings = 4.375 m | Vertical distance between openings = 4.375 m |
Cases | Reference Case | Geometry One | Geometry Two |
---|---|---|---|
CA | |||
N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | |
Opening height = 0.625 m | Opening height = 0.625 m | Opening height = 0.625 m | |
Opening area = 3.12 m2 | Opening area = 3.12 m2 | Opening area = 3.12 m2 | |
Sheds height = 0.625 m | Sheds height = 0.625 m | Sheds height = 0.625 m | |
Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | |
CA1 | |||
N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | |
Opening height = 0.9375 m | Opening height = 0.9375 m | Opening height = 0.9375 m | |
Opening area = 4.68 m2 | Opening area = 4.68 m2 | Opening area = 4.68 m2 | |
Sheds height = 0.625 m | Sheds height = 0.625 m | Sheds height = 0.625 m | |
Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | |
CA2 | |||
N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | |
Opening height = 1.25 m | Opening height = 1.25 m | Opening height = 1.25 m | |
Opening area = 6.25 m2 | Opening area = 6.25 m2 | Opening area = 6.25 m2 | |
Sheds height = 0.625 m | Sheds height = 0.625 m | Sheds height = 0.625 m | |
Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | |
CS1 | |||
N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | |
Opening height = 0.625 m | Opening height = 0.625 m | Opening height = 0.625 m | |
Opening area = 3.12 m2 | Opening area = 3.12 m2 | Opening area = 3.12 m2 | |
Sheds height = 0.937 m | Sheds height = 0.937 m | Sheds height = 0.937 m | |
Sheds Total Area = 14.062 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 14.062 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 14.062 m2 | |
CS2 | |||
N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | N. sheds = 03 | |
Opening height = 0.625 m | Opening height = 0.625 m | Opening height = 0.625 m | |
Opening area = 3.12 m2 | Opening area = 3.12 m2 | Opening area = 3.12 m2 | |
Sheds height = 1.25 m | Sheds height = 1.25 m | Sheds height = 1.25 m | |
Sheds Total Area = 18.75 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 18.75 m2 | Sheds Total Area = 18.75 m2 |
Cases | Reference Case | Geometry One | Geometry Two |
---|---|---|---|
CS7 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 07 | |||
Distance between sheds = 2.50 m | |||
Sheds height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 21.875 m2 | |||
CS8 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 05 | |||
Distance between sheds = 3.75 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 15.325 m2 | |||
CS9 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 04 | |||
Distance between sheds = 5.00 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 12.5 m2 | |||
CS10 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 03 | |||
Distance between sheds = 7.50 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 9.375 m2 | |||
CS11 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 02 | |||
Distance between sheds = 15.0 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 6.25 m2 | |||
CS12 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 04 | |||
Distance between sheds = 5.00 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 1.0937 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 21.875 m2 | |||
CS13 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 03 | |||
Distance between sheds = 7.50 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 1.4583 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 21.875 m2 | |||
CAD1 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 07 | |||
Distance between sheds = 2.50 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 10.9375 m2 | |||
CAD2 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 04 | |||
Distance between sheds = 5.00 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 6.25 m2 | |||
CAD3 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 03 | |||
Distance between sheds = 7.50 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 4.6875 m2 | |||
CAD4 | |||
Model size = 5.0 m × 17.5 m | |||
N. sheds = 06 | |||
Distance between sheds = 5.00 m | |||
Sheds opening height = 0.625 m | |||
Sheds Total Area = 6.25 m2 |
Air Velocity (m/s) | Situation Occurred |
---|---|
0–0.2 | Imperceptible natural ventilation |
0.2–0.4 | Perceptible natural ventilation |
0.4–0.8 | Satisfactory natural ventilation (there is a reduction in thermal load and contributes to comfort) |
Above 0.8 | Control is necessary (discomforts such as lifting papers, objects disorder) |
Design Parameter 01: SHEDS GEOMETRY | ||
---|---|---|
Air EXTRACTOR Sheds | Shed Roof Air EXTRACTORS and COLLECTORS | Shed Roof Air EXTRACTORS and COLLECTORS |
Based on Lukiantchuki et al. (2016) [32], we have the best performance:
|
Design Parameter 02: SIZE OF AIR INLET AND OUTLET OPENINGS | ||
---|---|---|
Air EXTRACTOR Sheds | Air COLLECTOR Sheds | Shed Roof Air EXTRACTORS and COLLECTORS |
Based on Lukiantchuki et al. (2016) [32], we have the best performance:
|
Design Parameter 03: NUMBER OF SHEDS IN THE ROOF | ||
---|---|---|
Air EXTRACTOR Sheds | Air COLLECTOR Sheds | Shed roof air EXTRACTORS and COLLECTORS |
Based on Lukiantchuki et al. (2018) [21], we have the best performance:
|
Design Parameter 04: SIZE OF THE SHEDS AND DISTANCE BETWEEN THESE ELEMENTS | ||
---|---|---|
Air EXTRACTOR Sheds | Air COLLECTOR Sheds | Air EXTRACTORS and COLLECTORS |
Based on Lukiantchuki et al. (2019) [22], we have:
|
SHED ROOF AIR EXTRACTORS | |||
---|---|---|---|
CLASSIFICATION | 1.5 m/s | 3.0 m/s | 7.0 m/s |
IMPERCEPTIBLE | Group 01: CR and G01 Group 03: buildings with greater depth; increasing the distance between the sheds and the misalignment of the sheds. | -------- | -------- |
PERCEPTIBLE | -------- | -------- | -------- |
SATISFACTORY | Group 01: G02 Group 02: increase in the size of the air inlet and outlet openings | Group 01: CR, G01, G02 Group 03: sheds close to each other; insert the sheds in 2 rows, without increasing the distance between them too much; if the distance between these devices increases, the air outlet openings must be increased, which increases internal ventilation, making it satisfactory for achieving comfort | -------- |
CONTROL | -------- | Group 02: increase in the size of the air inlet and outlet openings | Group 01: all cases Group 02: all cases Group 03: all cases |
SHED ROOF AIR COLLECTORS | |||
1.5 m/s | 3.0 m/s | 7.0 m/s | |
IMPERCEPTIBLE | Group 01: CR Group 02: the increase in air inlet and outlet openings increased the velocity of the indoor airflow, but even so, the CR remained with unsatisfactory natural ventilation. Group 03: buildings with greater depth; increase the distance between the sheds and the misalignment of the sheds | Group 01: CR Group 02: increase in air inlet openings (sheds) Group 03: all cases are enough to reduce the thermal load and provide thermal comfort for users. | -------- |
PERCEPTIBLE | Group 01: G01 and G02 | -------- | -------- |
SATISFACTORY | Group 02: G01 and G02, with the increase in the air outlet opening users are comfortable | Group 01: G01 and G02 Group 02: increase in the size of the air outlet openings | -------- |
CONTROL | -------- | -------- | Group 01: all cases Group 02: all cases Group 03: all cases |
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Lukiantchuki, M.A.; Shimomura, A.R.P.; Silva, F.M.d.; Caram, R.M. Shed Roof Air Extractors and Collectors: Design Guidelines for Natural Ventilation in Generic Models. Wind 2023, 3, 170-190. https://doi.org/10.3390/wind3020011
Lukiantchuki MA, Shimomura ARP, Silva FMd, Caram RM. Shed Roof Air Extractors and Collectors: Design Guidelines for Natural Ventilation in Generic Models. Wind. 2023; 3(2):170-190. https://doi.org/10.3390/wind3020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukiantchuki, Marieli Azoia, Alessandra Rodrigues Prata Shimomura, Fernando Marques da Silva, and Rosana Maria Caram. 2023. "Shed Roof Air Extractors and Collectors: Design Guidelines for Natural Ventilation in Generic Models" Wind 3, no. 2: 170-190. https://doi.org/10.3390/wind3020011