A Practical Approach for Estimating the Optimum Tilt Angle of a Photovoltaic Panel for a Long Period—Experimental Recorded Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Solar Energy
1.2. Literature Review of the Existing Studies
1.3. Empirical Approach Background
1.4. Aim of Current Study
2. Methods
2.1. Theory
2.2. Calculation of Daily Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces Outside the Atmosphere
3. Results
3.1. Monthly Tilt Angle
3.2. Seasonal Tilt Angle
3.3. Six-Month Tilt Angle
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
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- In the summer, the inclined surface is adjusted with a monthly tilt angle.
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- For the rest of the year, an annual tilt angle is set up.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Month | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | 17 | 11.92 | 2.92 | 8.99 | 17.85 | 0.66 |
February | 47 | 14.85 | 3.89 | 10.95 | 22.93 | 0.64 |
March | 75 | 16.82 | 6.07 | 10.74 | 29.30 | 0.57 |
April | 105 | 17.98 | 7.64 | 10.33 | 35.67 | 0.50 |
May | 135 | 18.47 | 8.61 | 9.85 | 39.94 | 0.46 |
June | 162 | 18.65 | 8.96 | 9.68 | 41.60 | 0.44 |
July | 198 | 18.07 | 8.77 | 9.29 | 40.72 | 0.44 |
August | 228 | 18.51 | 8.01 | 10.49 | 37.31 | 0.49 |
September | 258 | 18.34 | 6.53 | 11.80 | 31.65 | 0.57 |
October | 288 | 15.81 | 4.85 | 10.95 | 24.86 | 0.63 |
November | 318 | 12.60 | 3.17 | 4.42 | 19.09 | 0.66 |
December | 344 | 10.77 | 2.76 | 8.00 | 16.45 | 0.65 |
Monthly Period | (Degree) | Seasonal Period | (Degree) | Bi-Annual Period | (Degree) | Annual Period | (Degree) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | 62 | 22.52 | Winter | 51 | 22.14 | Cold Months | 54 | 23.13 | Annually | 40 | 21.04 |
February | 53 | 22.29 | 22.28 | 22.29 | 21.83 | ||||||
March | 36 | 19.71 | 19.22 | 19.00 | 19.68 | ||||||
April | 18 | 18.56 | Spring | 6 | 18.30 | Hot Months | 11 | 18.48 | 17.60 | ||
May | 3 | 18.48 | 18.47 | 18.38 | 16.26 | ||||||
June | −3 | 18.67 | 18.51 | 18.32 | 15.75 | ||||||
July | −1 | 18.07 | Summer | 15 | 17.67 | 17.85 | 15.54 | ||||
August | 11 | 18.74 | 18.71 | 18.74 | 17.24 | ||||||
September | 33 | 20.25 | 19.79 | 19.50 | 19.98 | ||||||
October | 47 | 21.40 | Fall | 57 | 21.16 | Cold Months | 54 | 21.28 | 21.26 | ||
November | 60 | 22.23 | 22.21 | 22.13 | 21.08 | ||||||
December | 64 | 21.56 | 21.40 | 21.25 | 19.87 |
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Hassanian, R.; Riedel, M.; Yeganeh, N.; Unnthorsson, R. A Practical Approach for Estimating the Optimum Tilt Angle of a Photovoltaic Panel for a Long Period—Experimental Recorded Data. Solar 2021, 1, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar1010005
Hassanian R, Riedel M, Yeganeh N, Unnthorsson R. A Practical Approach for Estimating the Optimum Tilt Angle of a Photovoltaic Panel for a Long Period—Experimental Recorded Data. Solar. 2021; 1(1):41-51. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar1010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleHassanian, Reza, Morris Riedel, Nashmin Yeganeh, and Runar Unnthorsson. 2021. "A Practical Approach for Estimating the Optimum Tilt Angle of a Photovoltaic Panel for a Long Period—Experimental Recorded Data" Solar 1, no. 1: 41-51. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar1010005