Recent Progress in Green Conversion of Biomass Alcohol to Chemicals via Aerobic Oxidation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methanol Conversion to Methyl Formate
3. Ethanol Conversion
3.1. Hydrocarbons (Biofuels) via Thermal Reactions
3.2. Ethanal via Photocatalysis
4. Oxidation of D-Glucose to Gluconic Acid
5. Conclusions, Challenges, and Future Perspective
- (1)
- Three types of oxidations were achieved, photo-oxidation of methanol to methyl formate over CuOx/TiO2 nanocomposites, ethanol to hydrocarbons biofuels over Au/NiO, and glucose oxidation to gluconic acid catalyzed by Au/activated carbon.
- (2)
- The titania supports copper oxide clusters with different morphology of nanosheets, nanospindles, and nanotubes have been designed to investigate the catalytic performance in the photo-oxidation reaction of the method.
- (3)
- The active-site identification and creation in the aerobic oxidation were exemplified. The CuOx/TiO2{101} interface was identified in the photo-oxidation of methanol, and only the metallic Au0 clusters were clarified to be active-site for the glucose oxidation.
- (4)
- It has been observed that the single-atom-exchanging in the metal clusters largely affects the catalytic activity instead of product selectivity. However, the detailed mechanism is still unknown.
- (5)
- By the ATR-IR spectra method, we clearly mapped out the whole conversion pathway and worked out the controversy in this photocatalysis.
- (1)
- (2)
- In the future, sincere efforts will be put forward to develop more biomass conversion systems.
- (3)
- DFT studies with in situ characterizations must be advanced to establish plausible reaction mechanisms.
- (4)
- Attempts must be made to increase the reaction scales to meet the industrial needs, especially the photo-oxidation reactions [72].
- (5)
- Alloy metal nanoparticle catalysts need to be exploited in the biomass conversions, as the electronic property can be well modified to tailor their catalytic performances.
- (6)
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Photocatalysts | CH3OH Conversion | Methyl Formate Selectivity | Methyl Formate Formation Rate (mmolCH3OH gcat.−1 h−1) | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
A-TiO2 | 10% | 91% | 1.5 | [30] |
P25 | 27% | 56% | 1.8 | [42] |
Ag/TiO2 | 75% | 80% | 7.3 | [42] |
Au/TiO2 | 65% | 75% | 5.9 | [42] |
Cu/TiO2 | 65% | 55% | 4.4 | [32] |
CuO/CuZnAl | 80% | 60% | 5.8 | [43] |
Pd–Cu/TiO2-P90 | 53% | 80% | 5.7 | [44] |
CuO/TiO2-S | 95% | 84% | 10.8 | [29] |
CuO/TiO2-P | 97% | 83% | 10.5 | [38] |
CuO/TiO2-T | 93% | 90% | 22.9 | [39] |
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Zhang, Y.; Cao, C.; Li, G. Recent Progress in Green Conversion of Biomass Alcohol to Chemicals via Aerobic Oxidation. Biomass 2022, 2, 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass2020007
Zhang Y, Cao C, Li G. Recent Progress in Green Conversion of Biomass Alcohol to Chemicals via Aerobic Oxidation. Biomass. 2022; 2(2):103-115. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass2020007
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yifei, Changhai Cao, and Gao Li. 2022. "Recent Progress in Green Conversion of Biomass Alcohol to Chemicals via Aerobic Oxidation" Biomass 2, no. 2: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass2020007