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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Systematic Review

Constructal Design Method Applied to Wave Energy Converters: A Systematic Literature Review

by
Maria Eduarda F. Capponero
1,
Giovani D. Telli
2,
Elizaldo D. Dos Santos
1,
Liércio A. Isoldi
1,
Mateus das N. Gomes
3,
Cesare
4,* and
Luiz Alberto O. Rocha
1,5
1
Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Italia Avenue, km 8, Rio Grande 96201-900, RS, Brazil
2
Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, RS, Brazil
3
Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Antônio Carlos Rodrigues Av., 453, Paranaguá 83215-750, PR, Brazil
4
Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
5
Institute of Earth Sciences, Complex Flow Systems Lab, Rua Romao Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Dynamics 2025, 5(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics5030036
Submission received: 17 July 2025 / Revised: 18 August 2025 / Accepted: 21 August 2025 / Published: 1 September 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

The energy potential of sea waves has gained relevance, leading to extensive research on converters. The present work analyzes the contribution of Constructal Design to the development of wave energy converters. Constructal Design utilizes performance indicators to enhance system efficiency by varying the degrees of freedom where flow occurs. Thus, the systematic literature review methodology was applied to gather a collection of documents focused on the research topic. This study identified articles published between 2014 and 2024 by 40 authors affiliated with institutions in Brazil, Italy, and Portugal. The oscillating water column (OWC) converter received the most research attention, followed by the overtopping converter. Analyzing the documents collected for this study, the performance indicators revealed improvements ranging from 1.19 to 839 times, indicating the lowest and highest enhancements observed, respectively. The Constructal Design method has proven highly effective in identifying specific architectures or geometric arrangements that enhance flow configuration and improve the performance of wave energy converters. However, relatively few studies have applied the Constructal Design method to wave energy converters in comparison to other methodologies, presenting a significant opportunity for future research.
Keywords: constructal design; wave energy converters; oscillating water column; overtopping; submerged horizontal plate constructal design; wave energy converters; oscillating water column; overtopping; submerged horizontal plate

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MDPI and ACS Style

Capponero, M.E.F.; Telli, G.D.; Dos Santos, E.D.; Isoldi, L.A.; das N. Gomes, M.; Cesare; Rocha, L.A.O. Constructal Design Method Applied to Wave Energy Converters: A Systematic Literature Review. Dynamics 2025, 5, 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics5030036

AMA Style

Capponero MEF, Telli GD, Dos Santos ED, Isoldi LA, das N. Gomes M, Cesare, Rocha LAO. Constructal Design Method Applied to Wave Energy Converters: A Systematic Literature Review. Dynamics. 2025; 5(3):36. https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics5030036

Chicago/Turabian Style

Capponero, Maria Eduarda F., Giovani D. Telli, Elizaldo D. Dos Santos, Liércio A. Isoldi, Mateus das N. Gomes, Cesare, and Luiz Alberto O. Rocha. 2025. "Constructal Design Method Applied to Wave Energy Converters: A Systematic Literature Review" Dynamics 5, no. 3: 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics5030036

APA Style

Capponero, M. E. F., Telli, G. D., Dos Santos, E. D., Isoldi, L. A., das N. Gomes, M., Cesare, & Rocha, L. A. O. (2025). Constructal Design Method Applied to Wave Energy Converters: A Systematic Literature Review. Dynamics, 5(3), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics5030036

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