Neoantigens: The Novel Precision Cancer Immunotherapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. History of Neoantigen and Neoepitope
2.1. Early Exploration (1970s–1990s)
2.2. Genomic Revolution (2000s–Early 2010s)
2.3. Neoantigen Prediction Algorithms (Mid 2010s)
2.4. Validation and Clinical Application (Late 2010s–Present)
3. Neoantigen Design and Development
3.1. Tumor Biopsy and Next-Generation Sequencing
3.2. Somatic Mutation Detection
3.3. Neoantigen Prediction
3.4. Neoantigen Prioritization
3.5. Neoantigen Validation
4. Studies of Neoantigens in Immunotherapy
5. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Trial Number | Clinical Trial Summary | Cancer Type | Clinical Trial Phase | Other Therapies Used | Publication |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCT01970358 | Neoantigen-based Vaccine for Melanoma | Melanoma | Phase I | Poly-ICLC; anti-PD-1 therapy | [42] |
NCT01856296 | WINTHER: Personalized Neoantigen Vaccines | Various Solid Tumors | Phase II | N/A | [43] |
NCT02950766 | NeoVax Plus Ipilimumab in Renal Cell Carcinoma | Renal Cell Carcinoma | Phase I/II | Poly-ICLC; Ipilimumab | [44] |
NCT03313778 | Neoantigen Peptide Vaccine with ICI in RCC | Solid Tumors | Phase I/II | Pembrolizumab | [45] |
NCT02897765 | Neoantigen-based Vaccine for Advanced Cancers | Various Solid Tumors | Phase I | Poly-ICLC | [46] |
NCT03422094 | Neoantigen-based Personalized Vaccine Combined With Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in treating Glioblastoma | Pancreatic Cancer | Phase I/II | Nivolumab; Ipilimumab; PolyICLC | [47] |
NCT03412877 | Administration of Autologous T-Cells Genetically Engineered to Express T-Cell Receptors Reactive Against Neoantigens in People With Metastatic Cancer | Various solid tumors | Phase II | Cyclophosphamide; Fludarabine; Aldesleukin | [48] |
NCT03633110 | Personalized adjuvanted vaccine, GEN-009, for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. | Solid Tumors | Phase 1/2a | Nivolumab; Pembrolizumab | [49] |
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Zhang, T.; Kurban, E.; Wang, Z. Neoantigens: The Novel Precision Cancer Immunotherapy. Biologics 2023, 3, 321-334. https://doi.org/10.3390/biologics3040017
Zhang T, Kurban E, Wang Z. Neoantigens: The Novel Precision Cancer Immunotherapy. Biologics. 2023; 3(4):321-334. https://doi.org/10.3390/biologics3040017
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Tiantian, Esaw Kurban, and Zhe Wang. 2023. "Neoantigens: The Novel Precision Cancer Immunotherapy" Biologics 3, no. 4: 321-334. https://doi.org/10.3390/biologics3040017