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Entry

Static Structures in Monatomic Fluids

Independent Researcher, Sucursal de Correos 45, Avda. Valladolid 39, Apartado de Correos 45007, 28008 Madrid, Spain
Encyclopedia 2025, 5(3), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5030141 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 3 July 2025 / Revised: 29 August 2025 / Accepted: 2 September 2025 / Published: 5 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sciences)

Definition

The basic structural concepts in the study of monatomic fluids at equilibrium are presented in this entry. The scope encompasses both the classical and the quantum domains, the latter concentrating on the diffraction and the zero-spin boson regimes. The main mathematical objects for describing the fluid structures are the following n-body functions: the correlation functions in real space and their associated structure factors in Fourier space. In these studies, the theory of linear response to external weak fields, involving functional calculus, and Feynman’s path integral formalism are the key conceptual ingredients. Emphasis is placed on the physical implications when going from the classical domain (limit of high temperatures) to the abovementioned quantum regimes (low temperatures). In the classical domain, there is only one class of n-body structures, which at every n level consists of one correlation function plus one structure factor. However, the quantum effects bring about the splitting of the foregoing class into three path integral classes, namely instantaneous, total thermalized-continuous linear response, and centroids; each of them is associated with the action of a distinct external weak field and keeps the above n-level structures. Special attention is given to the structural pair level n=2, and future directions towards the complete study of the quantum triplet level n=3 are suggested.
Keywords: thermodynamic equilibrium; monatomic fluids; classical behavior; quantum spinless behaviors; pair correlation functions; pair structure factors; linear response; functional calculus; path integrals thermodynamic equilibrium; monatomic fluids; classical behavior; quantum spinless behaviors; pair correlation functions; pair structure factors; linear response; functional calculus; path integrals

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sesé, L.M. Static Structures in Monatomic Fluids. Encyclopedia 2025, 5, 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5030141

AMA Style

Sesé LM. Static Structures in Monatomic Fluids. Encyclopedia. 2025; 5(3):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5030141

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sesé, Luis M. 2025. "Static Structures in Monatomic Fluids" Encyclopedia 5, no. 3: 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5030141

APA Style

Sesé, L. M. (2025). Static Structures in Monatomic Fluids. Encyclopedia, 5(3), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia5030141

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