Optimal Transport Pricing in an Age of Fully Autonomous Vehicles: Is It Getting More Complicated?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Optimal Transport Tax: Basic Model
2.1. The General Model Setup
2.2. Optimization
2.2.1. Private Optimum
2.2.2. Social Optimum
2.2.3. Optimal Energy Tax
3. Optimal Transport Tax: Extended Model
4. Optimal Transport Tax: Extended Model with Driverless Vehicle Relocation
5. Final Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Derivation of the Marginal Welfare Change
Appendix B. Derivation of the Optimal Energy Tax
References
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Study | Instrument | Region |
---|---|---|
Parry and Small (2005) [8] | Gasoline tax, Miles tax | US, UK |
Santos (2017) [9] | Gasoline tax, Diesel tax | Various European countries |
Parry and Timilsina (2010) [40] | Gasoline tax, Miles tax | Mexico City |
Parry (2011) [41] | Gasoline tax, Diesel tax (heavy-duty trucks) | US |
Tscharaktschiew (2014) [42] | Gasoline tax | Germany |
Tscharaktschiew (2015) [43] | Gasoline tax (with EV substitution) | Germany |
Lin and Prince (2009) [44] | Gasoline tax | California |
Wangsness (2018) [45] | Kilometer tax (peak, off-peak) | Norway (urban, rural) |
West and Williams (2007) [46] | Gasoline tax | US |
Hirte and Tscharaktschiew (2020) [47] | Gasoline tax, Miles tax | US, UK |
Parry (2008) [48] | Diesel tax (heavy-duty trucks) | US |
Parry and Strand (2012) [49] | Gasoline tax, Diesel tax (commercial trucks) | Chile |
Antón-Sarabia and Hernández-Trillo (2014) [50] | Gasoline tax | Mexico |
Notation | Description |
---|---|
U | Utility |
X | General consumption |
L | Leisure |
v | Vehicle stock of the household |
m | Vehicle mileage per traveler (occupied trips) |
M | Vehicle mileage per household (occupied trips) |
t | Travel time per mile |
T | Aggregate travel time of the household |
f | Fuel/energy consumption per mile |
F | Aggregate fuel/energy consumption of the household |
E | Externality index |
Fuel/energy price | |
Price of the composite commodity | |
Fuel/energy tax | |
Costs of car ownership not related to energy consumption | |
I | Household labor income |
Revenue recycling instrument of the government (tax or transfer) | |
Total time endowment of the household | |
Marginal utility of monetary household income | |
Value of travel time | |
Marginal external cost of fuel/energy consumption | |
Marginal external cost of vehicle mileage | |
W | Welfare |
Set of parameters exogenous to the household | |
Parking requirement per vehicle | |
P | Parking requirement per household |
n | Driverless vehicle mileage per traveler (unoccupied trips) |
N | Driverless vehicle mileage per household (unoccupied trips) |
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Tscharaktschiew, S.; Evangelinos, C. Optimal Transport Pricing in an Age of Fully Autonomous Vehicles: Is It Getting More Complicated? Future Transp. 2022, 2, 347-364. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp2020019
Tscharaktschiew S, Evangelinos C. Optimal Transport Pricing in an Age of Fully Autonomous Vehicles: Is It Getting More Complicated? Future Transportation. 2022; 2(2):347-364. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp2020019
Chicago/Turabian StyleTscharaktschiew, Stefan, and Christos Evangelinos. 2022. "Optimal Transport Pricing in an Age of Fully Autonomous Vehicles: Is It Getting More Complicated?" Future Transportation 2, no. 2: 347-364. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp2020019