Recent Progress on Green-Derived Tin Oxide (SnO₂) for the Degradation of Textile Dyes: A Review

Water contamination from textile dyes is a major environmental hazard. This is due to the textile industry serving among the biggest manufacturers, thus the extensive usage of these dyes. Several methods for the treatment of these pollutants have been used; however, they have limitations in terms of cost, forming secondary pollution, and effectiveness. Metal oxides such as tin oxide (SnO₂) have been identified as potential photocatalysts for the degradation of these dyes. The potential of SnO₂-based photocatalysts, especially those made using green techniques, has been at the forefront of current research. The physical and optical properties, green synthesis techniques, and photocatalytic uses of SnO₂ NPs are examined. Furthermore, methods to improve photocatalytic effectiveness through the formation of heterostructures are also explored. Lastly, the conclusion and future perspectives of these materials as suitable candidates for water treatment are highlighted.