Tight Margins: Compression Garment Use during Exercise and Recovery—A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Objectives
2. Methods
2.1. Literature Search
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction and Synthesis
3. Results
Study Characteristics
4. Discussion
4.1. Exercise Performance, by Sport/Activity
4.1.1. Endurance Exercise
4.1.2. Power and Speed
4.1.3. Repeat Sprint and Simulated Team Sport Activities
4.1.4. Strength and Resistance Exercise
4.2. By Outcomes
4.2.1. Physiological
4.2.2. Biomechanical
4.2.3. Perceptual
4.3. Recovery of Performance Capabilities
4.3.1. Endurance Exercise
4.3.2. Sprinting, Jumping and Simulated Team Sport Activities
4.3.3. Resistance Exercise
4.4. Physiological Effects during Recovery
4.5. Perceptual Responses during Recovery
4.6. Combined Design (during Exercise and Recovery) Findings
4.7. Garment Considerations
5. Conclusions
5.1. During Exercise
- CGs have little to no benefit on measures of running performance (e.g., race finishing time, time to fatigue) and only small benefits to cycling performance (e.g., cycling economy, mean power during TTs).
- Countermovement jump height and power may be improved with the use of CGs (dependent on garment size and composition), but sprint performance and performance in strength and muscular endurance tasks tend to remain unchanged.
- Small improvements to sport-specific outcome variables such as T-test agility (soccer) and pitching accuracy (baseball) may be observed with the use of CGs, though research is sparse.
- While most muscle proteins/metabolites are unchanged with the use of CGs during exercise, measures of blood lactate tend to decrease compared to a control, though this is not frequently associated with significant benefits to performance.
- CGs may be positively associated with changes to soft tissue movement and muscle activation during running and sprinting activities.
- CGs tend to improve perceptions of muscle soreness and fatigue when worn during exercise.
5.2. During Recovery
- CGs for recovery are generally associated with positive changes to subsequent endurance exercise performance (e.g., treadmill running and cycling time trials), but not sprinting or jumping performance.
- CGs tend to improve the recuperation of maximal voluntary isometric contraction force after fatiguing resistance exercise, though research using heavy strength and power training protocols is lacking.
- Blood/plasma concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase may be reduced after recovery with CGs, but positive changes to creatine kinase, plasma IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and C-reactive protein are unlikely.
- Limb swelling following fatiguing exercise may be mitigated with the use of CGs for recovery, indicating a positive improvement in exercise-induced muscle damage.
- CGs consistently decrease measures of perceived muscle soreness following fatiguing exercise and may improve other subjective feelings such as fatigue and alertness.
5.3. Directions for Future Research
6. Perspective
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Leabeater, A.J.; James, L.P.; Driller, M.W. Tight Margins: Compression Garment Use during Exercise and Recovery—A Systematic Review. Textiles 2022, 2, 395-421. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2030022
Leabeater AJ, James LP, Driller MW. Tight Margins: Compression Garment Use during Exercise and Recovery—A Systematic Review. Textiles. 2022; 2(3):395-421. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2030022
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeabeater, Alana J., Lachlan P. James, and Matthew W. Driller. 2022. "Tight Margins: Compression Garment Use during Exercise and Recovery—A Systematic Review" Textiles 2, no. 3: 395-421. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2030022