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Nanoenergy Advances
Volume 5
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10.3390/nanoenergyadv5040018
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

An AI-Driven TiO2-NiFeC-PEM Microbial Electrolyzer for In Situ Hydrogen Generation from POME Using a ZnO/PVA-EDLOSC Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Panel

by
Ataur Rahman Md
1,*,
Mohamad Qatu
1,
Hassan Labib
2,
Rafia Afroz
3,
Mehdi Ghatus
1 and
Sany Ihsan
2
1
GameAbove College of Engineering and Technology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
2
Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Economics, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanoenergy Adv. 2025, 5(4), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv5040018 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 October 2025 / Revised: 15 November 2025 / Accepted: 18 November 2025 / Published: 26 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Based on Nanostructured Materials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Electrolysis and biological processes, such as fermentation and microbial electrolysis cells, offer efficient hydrogen production alongside wastewater treatment. This study presents a novel microbial electrolyzer (ME) comprising a titanium dioxide (TiO2) anode, a nickel–iron–carbon (NiFeC) cathode, and a cellulose nanocrystal proton exchange membrane (CNC-PEM) designed to generate hydrogen from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The system is powered by a 12 V electric double-layer organic supercapacitor (EDLOSC) integrated with a ZnO/PVA-based solar thin film. Power delivery to the TiO2-NiFeC-PEM electrolyzer is optimized using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Laboratory-scale pilot tests demonstrated effective degradation of POME’s organic content, achieving a hydrogen yield of approximately 60%. Additionally, the nano-structured ZnO/CuO–ZnO/PVA solar film facilitated stable power supply, enhancing in situ hydrogen production. These results highlight the potential of the EDLOSC-encased ZnO/PVA-powered electrolyzer as a sustainable solution for hydrogen generation and industrial wastewater treatment.
Keywords: TiO2-NiFeC-PEM electrolyzer; POME; in situ hydrogen generation; ZnO/PVA solar cell power system TiO2-NiFeC-PEM electrolyzer; POME; in situ hydrogen generation; ZnO/PVA solar cell power system

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rahman Md, A.; Qatu, M.; Labib, H.; Afroz, R.; Ghatus, M.; Ihsan, S. An AI-Driven TiO2-NiFeC-PEM Microbial Electrolyzer for In Situ Hydrogen Generation from POME Using a ZnO/PVA-EDLOSC Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Panel. Nanoenergy Adv. 2025, 5, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv5040018

AMA Style

Rahman Md A, Qatu M, Labib H, Afroz R, Ghatus M, Ihsan S. An AI-Driven TiO2-NiFeC-PEM Microbial Electrolyzer for In Situ Hydrogen Generation from POME Using a ZnO/PVA-EDLOSC Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Panel. Nanoenergy Advances. 2025; 5(4):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv5040018

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahman Md, Ataur, Mohamad Qatu, Hassan Labib, Rafia Afroz, Mehdi Ghatus, and Sany Ihsan. 2025. "An AI-Driven TiO2-NiFeC-PEM Microbial Electrolyzer for In Situ Hydrogen Generation from POME Using a ZnO/PVA-EDLOSC Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Panel" Nanoenergy Advances 5, no. 4: 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv5040018

APA Style

Rahman Md, A., Qatu, M., Labib, H., Afroz, R., Ghatus, M., & Ihsan, S. (2025). An AI-Driven TiO2-NiFeC-PEM Microbial Electrolyzer for In Situ Hydrogen Generation from POME Using a ZnO/PVA-EDLOSC Nanocomposite Photovoltaic Panel. Nanoenergy Advances, 5(4), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv5040018

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