Evaluation of a Commercial Serum Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Neospora caninum-Specific Antibodies in Raw Milk of Ruminants
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Statement
2.2. Sample Collection and Preparation
2.3. Detection of Antibodies against N. caninum in Milk Samples Using a Serum ELISA
2.4. Detection of Antibodies against N. caninum in Milk Samples Using a Milk ELISA
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Animal Species (No. of Examined) | Milk Kit | Serum Kit | Both | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative (%) | Positive (%) | CI 95% | Negative (%) | Positive (%) | CI 95% | Negative (%) | Positive (%) | CI 95% | |
Cattle (n = 104) | 73 (70.2) | 31 (29.8) | 21.4–39.7 | 83 (79.8) | 21 (21.2) | 13.2–29.4 | 83 (79.8) | 21 (21.2) | 13.2–29.4 |
Buffalo (n = 16) | 13 (81.2) | 3 (18.8) | 5–46.3 | 15 (93.7) | 1 (6.3) | 0.3–32.3 | 15 (93.7) | 1 (6.3) | 0.3–32.3 |
Sheep (n = 18) | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 14.4–58.8 | 16 (88.9) | 2 (11.1) | 2–36 | 16 (88.9) | 2 (11.1) | 2–36 |
Goat (n = 11) | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 3.2–52.2 | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 3.2–52.2 | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 3.2–52.2 |
Total (n = 149) | 107 (71.8) | 42 (28.2) | 21.3–36.2 | 123 (82.6) | 26 (17.4) | 11.9–24.7 | 123 (82.6) | 26 (17.4) | 11.9–24.7 |
Parameter | Estimated Value | 95% Confidence Interval | |
---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||
Estimated prevalence | 28.2 | 21.3 | 36.2 |
Sensitivity (%) | 61.9 | 45.7 | 76 |
Specificity (%) | 100 | 95.7 | 100 |
Positive predictive value (%) | 100 | 84 | 100 |
False positive | 0 | 0 | 16 |
Negative predictive value (%) | 87 | 79.4 | 92.2 |
False negative | 13 | 7.8 | 20.6 |
Concordance (%) | 89.3 | 82.9 | 93.5 |
Kappa value | 0.70 | 0.59 | 0.81 |
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Fereig, R.M.; Altwaim, S.A.; Frey, C.F. Evaluation of a Commercial Serum Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Neospora caninum-Specific Antibodies in Raw Milk of Ruminants. Parasitologia 2024, 4, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia4020008
Fereig RM, Altwaim SA, Frey CF. Evaluation of a Commercial Serum Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Neospora caninum-Specific Antibodies in Raw Milk of Ruminants. Parasitologia. 2024; 4(2):91-98. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia4020008
Chicago/Turabian StyleFereig, Ragab M., Sarah A. Altwaim, and Caroline F. Frey. 2024. "Evaluation of a Commercial Serum Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Neospora caninum-Specific Antibodies in Raw Milk of Ruminants" Parasitologia 4, no. 2: 91-98. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia4020008
APA StyleFereig, R. M., Altwaim, S. A., & Frey, C. F. (2024). Evaluation of a Commercial Serum Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Neospora caninum-Specific Antibodies in Raw Milk of Ruminants. Parasitologia, 4(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia4020008