Retrospective Assessment of The Intestinal Protozoan Distribution in Patients Admitted to The Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal, from 2011 to 2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Description of the Study Population
2.2. Indices of Parasites and Variation in Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoan by Study Year and Age Groups
2.3. Pattern of Identified Species
2.4. Factors Associated with Intestinal Protozoan Infections
3. Discussion
4. Methodology
4.1. Area and Population Studied
4.2. Fecal Sample Analysis
4.3. Analysis of the Data
- -(i)
- Simple parasitic index (SPI) is the percentage of subjects parasitized in relation to the total number of fecal parasitological examinations carried out multiplied by one hundred.
- -(ii)
- Corrected parasitic index (CPI) is the ratio of number of parasites identified to the number of total examinations multiplied by one hundred.
- -(iii)
- Polyparasitism index (PPI) is the coexistence in the same individual of two or more parasitic species. The PPI I derived from the difference between the CPI and the SPI.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Percentage | CI 95% | |
---|---|---|---|
Years | |||
2011 | 408 | 11.98 | (10.93–13.11) |
2012 | 437 | 12.83 | (11.74–13.99) |
2013 | 344 | 10.1 | (09.13–11.15) |
2014 | 313 | 9.19 | (08.26–10.20) |
2015 | 292 | 8.57 | (07.68–09.56) |
2016 | 416 | 12.21 | (11.15–13.35) |
2017 | 414 | 12.15 | (11.10–13.29) |
2018 | 343 | 10.07 | (09.10–11.12) |
2019 | 252 | 7.4 | (06.56–08.33) |
2020 | 188 | 5.52 | (04.80–06.34) |
Age group | |||
<15 yrs | 302 | 8.86 | (07.95–09.87) |
15–30 yrs | 1139 | 33.43 | (31.87–35.03) |
31–60 yrs | 1562 | 45.85 | (44.18–47.52) |
>60 yrs | 404 | 11.86 | (10.81–12.99) |
Gender | |||
Male | 1735 | 50.92 | (49.24–52.60) |
Female | 1672 | 49.08 | (47.40–50.76) |
Service | |||
Hospitalized | 896 | 26.3 | (24.85–27.8) |
Non-hospitalized | 2511 | 73.7 | (72.2–75.15) |
Seasons | |||
Dry | 2814 | 82.59 | (81.28–83.83) |
Rainy | 593 | 17.41 | (16.17–18.72) |
Intestinal parasites | |||
Negative | 2762 | 81.07 | (79.72–82.35) |
Positive | 645 | 18.93 | (17.65–20.28) |
Species | Frequency | Percentage | CI 95% |
---|---|---|---|
Negative | 2762 | 81.07 | (79.72–82.35) |
Monoparasitism | 579 | 16.99 | (15.77–18.29) |
Entamoeba coli | 234 | 6.87 | (06.07–07.77) |
Blastocystis hominis | 194 | 5.69 | (04.96–06.52) |
Entamoeba histolytica/dispar | 79 | 2.31 | (01.86–02.88) |
Giardia intestinalis | 45 | 1.32 | (0.99–01.76) |
Trichomonas intestinalis | 18 | 0.53 | (0.33–0.84) |
Endolimax nana | 4 | 0.12 | (0.04–0.31) |
Cystoisospora belli | 4 | 0.12 | (0.04–0.31) |
Cryptosporidium spp. | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
Biparasitism | 64 | 1.88 | (01.47–02.39) |
G.intestinalis–E. coli | 2 | 0.06 | (0.01–0.23) |
B. hominis–E. nana | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
C. belli–B. hominis | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
E.coli–B.hominis | 26 | 0.76 | (0.52–01.12) |
E.histolytica/dispar–B.hominis | 7 | 0.21 | (0.10–0.43) |
E.histolytica/dispar–E. coli | 16 | 0.47 | (0.29–0.77) |
E.histolytica/dispar–T.intestinalis | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
G. intestinalis–B. hominis | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
G. intestinalis–E. coli | 7 | 0.21 | (0.10–0.43) |
T. intestinalis–E. coli | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
T. intestinalis–B. hominis | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
Polyparasitism | 2 | 0.06 | (0.01–0.23) |
E. histolytica/dispar–B. hominis–Chilomastix Mesnili | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
E.histolytica/dispar–B. hominis–E. coli | 1 | 0.03 | (0.00–0.21) |
Frequency %) | OR * (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Years | |||
2011 | 16 (3.92) | 1 | |
2012 | 70 (16.02) | 4.75 (02.70–08.34) | 0.000 |
2013 | 35 (10.17) | 2.89 (01.57–05.34) | 0.001 |
2014 | 58 (18.53) | 6.51 (03.64–11.65) | 0.000 |
2015 | 62 (21.23) | 6.38 (03.59–11.35) | 0.000 |
2016 | 107 (25.72) | 8.19 (04.72–14.24) | 0.000 |
2017 | 117 (28.26) | 8.88 (05.13–15.37) | 0.000 |
2018 | 85 (24.78) | 7.76 (04.42–13.64) | 0.000 |
2019 | 69 (27.38) | 8.84 (04.97–15.72) | 0.000 |
2020 | 26 (13.83) | 3.75 (01.95–07.21) | 0.000 |
Age Group | |||
<15 Years | 75 (24.83) | 1 | |
15–30 Years | 201 (17.65) | 0.98 (00.70–01.33) | 0.841 |
31–60 Years | 302 (19.33) | 1.03 (00.76–01.40) | 0.850 |
>60 Years | 67 (16.58) | 0.84 (00.57–01.23) | 0.378 |
Gender | |||
Male | 311 (17.93) | 1 | |
Female | 334 (19.98) | 1.11 (00.93–01.33) | 0.233 |
Service | |||
Hospitalized | 113 (12.61) | 1 | |
Non-Hospitalized | 532 (21.19) | 1.68 (01.33–02.13) | 0.000 |
Season | |||
Dry | 517 (18.37) | 1 | |
Rainy | 128 (21.59) | 1.16 (00.92–01.47) | 0.207 |
Species | Age Group (Years) | Gender | Service | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<15 Years | 13–30 Years | 31–60 Years | >60 Years | p Value | Male | Female | p Value | Hospitalized | Non-Hospitalized | p Value | |
(N = 302) | (N = 1139) | (N = 1562) | (N = 404) | (N = 1735) | (N = 1672) | (N = 896) | (N = 2511) | ||||
Giardiaintestinalis | 18 (6.0%) | 12 (1.1%) | 21 (1.3%) | 4 (1.0%) | 0.000 | 27 (1.6%) | 28 (1.7%) | 0.784 | 14 (1.6%) | 41 (1.6) | 0.886 |
Entamoeba coli | 29 (9.6%) | 87 (7.6%) | 140 (9.0%) | 31 (7.7%) | 0.505 | 139 (8.0%) | 148 (7.9%) | 0.377 | 47 (5.2%) | 240 (9.6%) | 0.000 |
Blastocystis hominis | 32 (10.60%) | 79 (6.94%) | 100 (6.40%) | 22 (5.44%) | 0.038 | 116 (6.69%) | 117 (7.00%) | 0.719 | 28 (3.13%) | 205 (8.16%) | 0.000 |
Endolimax nana | 0 | 1 (0.09%) | 3 (0.19%) | 1 (0.24%) | 0.750 | 3 (0.17%) | 2 (1.20%) | 0.685 | 2 (0.22%) | 3 (0.12%) | 0.486 |
Cryptosporidium spp. | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.06%) | 0 | 0.757 | 0 | 1 (0.06%) | 0.308 | 1 (0.11%) | 0 | 0.094 |
Cystoisospora belli | 0 | 1 (0.09%) | 4 (0.26%) | 0 | 0.461 | 1 (0.06%) | 4 (0.24%) | 0.461 | 2 (0.22%) | 3 (0.12%) | 0.486 |
Entamoeba histolytica:dispar | 8 (2.65%) | 34 (2.99%) | 50 (3.20%) | 13 (3.22%) | 0.955 | 52 (3.00%) | 53 (3017%) | 0.771 | 22 (2.46%) | 83 (3.31%) | 0.206 |
Chilomastix mesnili | 1 (0.33%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.016 | 0 | 1 (0.06%) | 0.308 | 0 | 1 (0.04%) | 0.550 |
Trichomonas intestinalis | 2 (0.66%) | 4 (0.35%) | 12 (0.77%) | 3 (0.74%) | 0.570 | 9 (0.52%) | 12 (0.72%) | 0.458 | 8 (0.89%) | 13 (0.52%) | 0.218 |
Species | Season | Years | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry | Rainy | p Value | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | p Value | |
(N = 2814) | (N = 593) | (N = 408) | (N = 437) | (N = 344) | (N = 313) | (N = 292) | (N = 416) | (N = 414) | (N = 343) | (N = 252) | (N = 188) | |||
Giardia intestinalis | 49 (1.7%) | 6 (1.0%) | 0.200 | 1 (0.3%) | 7 (1.6%) | 2 (0.6%) | 4 (1.3%) | 3 (1.0%) | 13 (3.1%) | 7 (1.7%) | 10 (2.9%) | 6 (2.4%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0.026 |
Entamoeba coli | 239 (8.5%) | 48 (8.1%) | 0.751 | 12 (2.9%) | 41 (9.4%) | 25 (7.3%) | 42 (13.4%) | 29 (9.9%) | 31 (7.5%) | 41 (9.9%) | 34 (9.9%) | 25 (9.9%) | 7 (3.7%) | 0.000 |
Blastocystis hominis | 176 (6.25%) | 57 (9.61%) | 0.003 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.64%) | 16 (5.48%) | 60 (14.42%) | 67 (16.18%) | 39 (11.37%) | 35 (13.89%) | 14 (7.45%) | 0.000 |
Endolimax nana | 5 (0.18%) | 0 | 0.304 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.32%) | 1 (0.34%) | 0 | 1 (0.24%) | 2 (0.58%) | 0 | 0 | 0.427 |
Cryptosporidium spp. | 0 | 1 (0.17%) | 0.029 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.24%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.613 |
Cystoisospora belli | 3 (0.11%) | 2 (0.34%) | 0.182 | 0 | 1 (0.23%) | 0 | 1 (0.32%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.24%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.06%) | 0.094 |
Entamoeba histolytica/dispar | 85 (3.02%) | 20 (3.37%) | 0.652 | 1 (0.25%) | 22 (5.03%) | 6 (1.74%) | 9 (2.88%) | 13 (4.45%) | 12 (2.88%) | 18 (4.35%) | 6 (1.75%) | 12 (4.76%) | 6 (3.19%) | 0.001 |
Chilomastix Mesnili | 1 (0.03%) | 0 | 0.646 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.24%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.617 |
Trichomonas intestinalis | 14 (0.50%) | 7 (1.18%) | 0.053 | 2 (0.49%) | 1 (0.23%) | 3 (0.87%) | 3 (0.96%) | 3 (1.03%) | 3 (0.72%) | 4 (0.97%) | 1 (0.29%) | 1 (0.40%) | 0 | 0.759 |
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Ndiaye, M.; Diongue, K.; Seck, M.C.; Diallo, M.A.; Kouevidjin, E.; Badiane, A.S.; Ndiaye, D. Retrospective Assessment of The Intestinal Protozoan Distribution in Patients Admitted to The Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal, from 2011 to 2020. Parasitologia 2023, 3, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3010001
Ndiaye M, Diongue K, Seck MC, Diallo MA, Kouevidjin E, Badiane AS, Ndiaye D. Retrospective Assessment of The Intestinal Protozoan Distribution in Patients Admitted to The Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal, from 2011 to 2020. Parasitologia. 2023; 3(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleNdiaye, Mouhamadou, Khadim Diongue, Mame Cheikh Seck, Mamadou Alpha Diallo, Ekoué Kouevidjin, Aida Sadikh Badiane, and Daouda Ndiaye. 2023. "Retrospective Assessment of The Intestinal Protozoan Distribution in Patients Admitted to The Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal, from 2011 to 2020" Parasitologia 3, no. 1: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3010001