Activity Patterns, Sex Ratio, and Social Organization of the Bare-Faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Northern Pantanal, Brazil
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Preparation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Camera Trap Records
3.2. Capture Success, Seasonal Activity Patterns, and Social Organization
3.3. Daily Activity Patterns
3.4. Sex Ratio: Sexual Structure of the Population
3.5. The Effect of Using Different Data Filters
4. Discussion
4.1. Seasonal Activity Patterns
4.2. Daily Activity Patterns
4.3. Social Organization
4.4. Sex Ratio: Sexual Structure of the Population
4.5. Parental Care
4.6. Recommendations for Future Studies
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Independent Captures | Detected Individuals | Sampling Effort | Capture Success | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 357 | 554 | 4768 | 7.49 | |
Season | High water (Jan–Mar) | 28 | 33 | 473 | 5.92 |
Receding (Apr–Jun) | 101 | 184 | 1076 | 9.39 | |
Dry period (Jul–Sep) | 145 | 211 | 1989 | 7.29 | |
Rising (Oct–Dec) | 83 | 126 | 1230 | 6.75 | |
Habitat | Forest | 302 | 463 | 2261 | 13.36 |
Savanna | 55 | 91 | 2507 | 2.19 |
Time Interval (min) | n | n Loss (%) | Chi2 | p Value | Overlap (Δ4) | 95% CI | Watson’s U2 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent BFC captures (only first) | 1 | 461 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
10 | 369 | 19.96 | 3.29 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.91–0.99 | 0.06 | >0.10 | |
20 | 358 | 22.34 | 3.94 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.91–0.99 | 0.06 | >0.10 | |
30 | 357 | 22.56 | 4.08 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.90–0.99 | 0.07 | >0.10 | |
60 | 343 | 25.60 | 4.73 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.90–0.98 | 0.08 | >0.10 | |
90 | 337 | 26.90 | 5.60 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.89–0.98 | 0.10 | >0.10 | |
All detected BFC individuals | 1 | 686 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
10 | 569 | 17.06 | 3.65 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.92–0.99 | 0.06 | >0.10 | |
20 | 556 | 18.95 | 4.05 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.93–0.99 | 0.06 | >0.10 | |
30 | 554 | 19.24 | 4.86 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.91–0.99 | 0.08 | >0.10 | |
60 | 536 | 21.87 | 5.26 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.91–0.98 | 0.09 | >0.10 | |
90 | 529 | 22.89 | 5.95 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.91–0.98 | 0.10 | >0.10 | |
Comparison between | |||||||||
1 (first) | 1 (all) | 32.80 | 2.62 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.00 | 0.03 | >0.10 | |
10 (first) | 10 (all) | 35.15 | 3.37 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | 0.03 | >0.10 | |
20 (first) | 20 (all) | 35.61 | 3.86 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | 0.03 | >0.10 | |
30 (first) | 30 (all) | 35.56 | 3.38 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | 0.03 | >0.10 | |
60 (first) | 60 (all) | 36.01 | 3.85 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | 0.03 | >0.10 | |
90 (first) | 90 (all) | 36.29 | 3.55 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | 0.03 | >0.10 |
Independence Interval (min) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 90 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capture success | 7.74 | 7.51 | 7.49 | 7.19 | 7.07 |
Deviation from the baseline | +3.34% | +0.27% | - | −4.01% | −5.61% |
Studied Species | Adult Sex Ratio | Offspring Sex Ratio | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Great Curassow (Crax rubra) | - | - | 0.59:1.00 c | [19] |
Wattled Curassow (Crax globulosa) | 1.20:1.00 a | - | - | [20] |
Great Curassow (Crax rubra griscomi) | 0.56:1.00 a | - | - | [25] |
Red-billed Curassow (Crax blumenbachii) | - | 1.56:1.00 b | - | [21] |
Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) | 1.60:1.00 a | 1.67:1.00 b | - | [13] |
Red-billed Curassow (Crax blumenbachii) | - | 1.60:1.00 b | - | [22] |
Great Curassow (Crax rubra) | - | 0.71:1.00 b | - | [23] |
Great Curassow (Crax rubra) | - | 1.50:1.00 b | - | [24] |
Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) | - | 1.26:1.00 b | - | [14] |
Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) | - | 1.05:1.00 b | 0.51:1.00 b | This study |
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Senič, M.; Schuchmann, K.-L.; Burs, K.; Tissiani, A.S.; de Deus, F.; Marques, M.I. Activity Patterns, Sex Ratio, and Social Organization of the Bare-Faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Northern Pantanal, Brazil. Birds 2023, 4, 117-137. https://doi.org/10.3390/birds4010010
Senič M, Schuchmann K-L, Burs K, Tissiani AS, de Deus F, Marques MI. Activity Patterns, Sex Ratio, and Social Organization of the Bare-Faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Northern Pantanal, Brazil. Birds. 2023; 4(1):117-137. https://doi.org/10.3390/birds4010010
Chicago/Turabian StyleSenič, Martin, Karl-L. Schuchmann, Kathrin Burs, Ana Silvia Tissiani, Filipe de Deus, and Marinez I. Marques. 2023. "Activity Patterns, Sex Ratio, and Social Organization of the Bare-Faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Northern Pantanal, Brazil" Birds 4, no. 1: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.3390/birds4010010