The INPReS Intervention Escalation Framework for Avoiding Overcrowding in Tourism Destinations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Changing Role of DMOs in Community-Based Destinations
2.2. Smart Destinations and Digital Solutions for Overcoming Overtourism Issues
2.3. Design Considerations When Influencing Visitors and the Role of Destinations
- Simplify the information and reduce the distraction while maintaining the same choice options;
- Present the information in a specific way with the help of framing mechanisms and highlight specific choice options;
- Rank the choice options in a chosen order;
- (Constantly) remind people which activity they might want or should do;
- Utilize social norms and social influence to show people what others have chosen to do since people often act according to the behaviour of others;
- Use direct and personal recommendations that point out the targeted activity and promote the targeted decision.
2.4. Recommender Solutions for Tourist Destinations and Digital Visitor Management
3. Conceptual Framework
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Destination | Digital Solution | Source |
---|---|---|
Amsterdam | Crowd Monitoring System Amsterdam (CMSA)—a counting system employing cameras and Wi-Fi sensors | [30,31] |
Public Eye Amsterdam—CMSA mapping of tourist crowding | ||
Amsterdam City Card—tourist card providing access to attractions | ||
Barcelona | Check Barcelona—progressive web app providing static information on places of interest (POI), mobility recommendations, and dynamic information in real time on influxes to the POI, the status of reservations, parking occupancy, and queue information | [32] |
Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik Visitors—app for predicting the number of tourists based on cameras, counters, and additional data (weather forecast, number of cruise passengers, etc.) | [29,33] |
Dubrovnik Card—tourist card providing access to attractions | ||
Dubrovnik Eye—online tool for reporting problems | ||
Rural Dubrovnik—Neretva website—platform for boosting agritourism destinations | ||
Palma de Mallorca | Welcome Palma—app for the dispersion of cruise passengers, based on data from the Wi-Fi network of the port and the city of Palma | [34] |
Wien | Ivie—digital city guide app | [35] |
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Schmücker, D.; Reif, J.; Horster, E.; Engelhardt, D.; Höftmann, N.; Naschert, L.; Radlmayr, C. The INPReS Intervention Escalation Framework for Avoiding Overcrowding in Tourism Destinations. Tour. Hosp. 2023, 4, 282-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4020017
Schmücker D, Reif J, Horster E, Engelhardt D, Höftmann N, Naschert L, Radlmayr C. The INPReS Intervention Escalation Framework for Avoiding Overcrowding in Tourism Destinations. Tourism and Hospitality. 2023; 4(2):282-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4020017
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchmücker, Dirk, Julian Reif, Eric Horster, Denise Engelhardt, Nele Höftmann, Lisa Naschert, and Christof Radlmayr. 2023. "The INPReS Intervention Escalation Framework for Avoiding Overcrowding in Tourism Destinations" Tourism and Hospitality 4, no. 2: 282-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4020017
APA StyleSchmücker, D., Reif, J., Horster, E., Engelhardt, D., Höftmann, N., Naschert, L., & Radlmayr, C. (2023). The INPReS Intervention Escalation Framework for Avoiding Overcrowding in Tourism Destinations. Tourism and Hospitality, 4(2), 282-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4020017