Localize Animal Sound Events Reliably (LASER): A New Software for Sound Localization in Zoos
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Time Difference of Arrival
2.2. Estimating the Position
2.3. Accuracy Validation
Setup1 (environmental impact): | wind |
dense vegetation/open space | |
Setup2 (artificial impact): | reverb |
microphone arrangement |
2.4. Frequencies
2.5. Field Test in the Zoo
2.6. Simulations
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Wind
3.2. Dense Vegetation and Open Space
3.3. Microphone Arrangement
3.4. Reverb
3.5. Vocalization Types
3.6. Field Test in the Zoo
4. Discussion
4.1. Influence of Various Conditions and Filter Settings on the Accuracy of Sound Localization
4.2. Influence of Microphone Arrangement on the Accuracy of Sound Localization
4.3. Applying the Software LASER to Zoo Conditions and Limitations
4.4. Bioacoustics and Sound Localization as Contribution to Animal Welfare in Zoos
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microphone | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Height (m) | 4.15 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 1.85 | 1.9 | 2 | 2.1 |
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Schneider, S.; Dierkes, P.W. Localize Animal Sound Events Reliably (LASER): A New Software for Sound Localization in Zoos. J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2021, 2, 146-163. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2020011
Schneider S, Dierkes PW. Localize Animal Sound Events Reliably (LASER): A New Software for Sound Localization in Zoos. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. 2021; 2(2):146-163. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchneider, Sebastian, and Paul Wilhelm Dierkes. 2021. "Localize Animal Sound Events Reliably (LASER): A New Software for Sound Localization in Zoos" Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, no. 2: 146-163. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2020011