Waterspout Outbreak Environments and Forecasting in Greece †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Synoptic Types on Waterspout Outbreak Days
3.2. Mesoscale Environment
3.3. Waterspout Forecasting—The Szilagyi Waterspout Index (SWI)
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Waterspout Outbreak Event | Place | Date/Duration Time (UTC) | Number of Waterspouts Observed |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rethymno, Crete Isl. | 5 Sep 2002/06:30–09:30 | 13 |
2 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 21 Sep 2006/05:45–08:00 | 25 |
3 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 19 Dec 2012/15:03–15:34 | 11 |
4 | Siteia, Crete Isl. | 2 Oct 2013/09:30–10:00 | 15 |
5 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 6 Jan 2015/14:00–14:30 | 11 |
6 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 29 Sep 2015/04:15–06.15 | 16 |
7 | Corfu (Kerkyra) Isl. | 21 Jan 2018/07:45–09:20 | 32 |
8 | Glossa, Skopelos Isl. | 15 Jun 2018/21:30–22:30 | 10 |
9 | Rhodes Isl. | 1 Jan 2021/06:17–07:02 | 11 |
10 | Corfu (Kerkyra) Isl. | 5 Dec 2022/07:00–14:24 | 20 |
11 | Rhodes Isl. | 21 Jan 2023/07:36–08:36 | 11 |
12 | Rhodes Isl. | 3 Feb 2023/05:25–13.54 | 14 |
Parameters/Indices | Mean | Min. | Max. | Std. Dev. |
---|---|---|---|---|
| 274 | 0 | 1775 | 491 |
| −53.5 | −276 | 0 | 80 |
| 699 | 245 | 1425 | 288 |
| 6.7 | - | 11 | 3.9 |
| 62 | −9 | 153 | 45 |
| 9.9 | 2.3 | 17.2 | 4.5 |
| 6.4 | 1.8 | 12.5 | 3.8 |
| 359 | 0 | 1142 | 328.4 |
| 7.1 | 3.1 | 9.5 | 2.2 |
| 123 | 42 | 184 | 49 |
| 19.2 | 9 | 32 | 7.2 |
| 0.5 | −6 | 4 | 2.9 |
| 4.4 | 2 | 7 | 1.7 |
| 45.7 | 38 | 55 | 5.7 |
| 8.7 | 3.4 | 13 | 3.3 |
Waterspout Outbreak Event No. | Place | Date | Sea Surface Temperature (°C) | T Mod (°C) | Td Mod (°C) | ΔΖ (kft) | SWI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rethymno, Crete Isl. | 5 Sep 2002 | 25 | 26 | 21 | 36 | 8 |
2 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 21 Sep 2006 | 24 | 26 | 20 | 32.8 | 7 |
3 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 19 Dec 2012 | 19 | 15 | 13 | 27 | 7 |
4 | Siteia, Crete Isl. | 2 Oct 2013 | 25 | 23 | 16 | 24.6 | 4 |
5 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 6 Jan 2015 | 18 | 11 | 5 | 19 | 9 |
6 | Iraklio, Crete Isl. | 29 Sep 2015 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 33.3 | 8 |
7 | Corfu (Kerkyra) Isl. | 21 Jan 2018 | 17 | 16 | 12 | 23 | 2 |
8 | Glossa, Skopelos Isl. | 15 June 2018 | 21 | 26 | 19 | 32.1 | 2 |
9 | Rhodes Isl. | 1 Jan 2021 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 27.7 | 5 |
10 | Corfu (Kerkyra) Isl. | 5 Dec 2022 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 20.2 | -1 |
11 | Rhodes Isl. | 21 Jan 2023 | 17 | 18 | 12 | 29.5 | 5 |
12 | Rhodes Isl. | 3 Feb 2023 | 17 | 11 | 8 | 21 | 6 |
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Sioutas, M.V.; Szilagyi, W.M.; Christodoulou, M.M.; Chatzi, E.A. Waterspout Outbreak Environments and Forecasting in Greece. Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 26, 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023026126
Sioutas MV, Szilagyi WM, Christodoulou MM, Chatzi EA. Waterspout Outbreak Environments and Forecasting in Greece. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2023; 26(1):126. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023026126
Chicago/Turabian StyleSioutas, Michalis V., Wade M. Szilagyi, Maria M. Christodoulou, and Eleni A. Chatzi. 2023. "Waterspout Outbreak Environments and Forecasting in Greece" Environmental Sciences Proceedings 26, no. 1: 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023026126