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Environmental Sciences Proceedings
Volume 23
Issue 1
10.3390/environsciproc2022023035
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Environmental Sciences Proceedings concluded publication with Volume 29, Issue 1. It has been succeeded by Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings, which has a revised scope and a new editorial direction and is now published here. To preserve historical data integrity, the information on this webpage is retained but will no longer be updated.
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Proceeding Paper

The Importance of Variable Rate Irrigation in Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Agriculture Sector: A Review †

by
Saddam Hussain
1,2,3,*,
Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema
3,4,
Muhammad Sohail Waqas
5,6,
Shoaib Rashid Saleem
4,7,
Rameela Rustam
1,
Muhammad Saadullah Khan
3 and
Muhammad Habib Ullah
3
1
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA 95616, USA
3
National Center of Industrial Biotechnology (NCIB) Project, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
4
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
5
Soil Conservation Group, Agriculture Department (Field Wing), Government of the Punjab, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
6
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
7
Center for Precision Agriculture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 1st International Precision Agriculture Pakistan Conference 2022 (PAPC 2022)—Change the Culture of Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 22–24 September 2022.
Environ. Sci. Proc. 2022, 23(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022023035
Published: 6 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Precision Agriculture Pakistan Conference 2022 (PAPC 2022)—Change the Culture of Agriculture)
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Abstract

Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change, creating more difficult challenges. Presently, the agricultural sector contributes to between 19 and 29% of all global greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the main types of greenhouse gases generated by the agricultural industry. Energy use before and after farms, as well as shifting ground carbon stocks above and below as a result of changes in land use, are major sources of CO2 emissions. There has been a trend in recent years toward lowering GHG emissions in the agriculture sector. Precision agriculture Technologies (PAT) address the field’s temporal and spatial variability to maximize the usage of agricultural inputs (i.e., irrigation, fuel, and fertilizers). The PAT can keep or increase productivity while lowering GHG emissions from agricultural activities, whereas the variable rate irrigation (VRI) approach is helpful in this scenario. Recent research shows that VRI has a significant potential to mitigate GHG. The present study reviews research related to VRI that address the reduction in GHG emissions.
Keywords: agriculture; precision agriculture technologies; variable rate irrigation; drip irrigation; water management agriculture; precision agriculture technologies; variable rate irrigation; drip irrigation; water management

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hussain, S.; Cheema, M.J.M.; Waqas, M.S.; Saleem, S.R.; Rustam, R.; Khan, M.S.; Ullah, M.H. The Importance of Variable Rate Irrigation in Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Agriculture Sector: A Review. Environ. Sci. Proc. 2022, 23, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022023035

AMA Style

Hussain S, Cheema MJM, Waqas MS, Saleem SR, Rustam R, Khan MS, Ullah MH. The Importance of Variable Rate Irrigation in Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Agriculture Sector: A Review. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2022; 23(1):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022023035

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hussain, Saddam, Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema, Muhammad Sohail Waqas, Shoaib Rashid Saleem, Rameela Rustam, Muhammad Saadullah Khan, and Muhammad Habib Ullah. 2022. "The Importance of Variable Rate Irrigation in Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Agriculture Sector: A Review" Environmental Sciences Proceedings 23, no. 1: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022023035

APA Style

Hussain, S., Cheema, M. J. M., Waqas, M. S., Saleem, S. R., Rustam, R., Khan, M. S., & Ullah, M. H. (2022). The Importance of Variable Rate Irrigation in Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Agriculture Sector: A Review. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 23(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022023035

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