Green Upgrading of Biodiesel Derived from Biomass Wastes †
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CFPP | Cold Filter Plugging Point |
FAME | Fatty Acid Methyl Ester |
GC-MS | Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
OS | Oxidative Stability |
WCO | Waste Cooking Oil |
TPPTS | Trisodium Triphenylphosphine-3,3’, 3’-Tri Sulfonate |
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Property | Measured Value | Specs EN 14214 | Test Method |
---|---|---|---|
Density at 15 °C, g·cm−3 | 0.8868 | 0.86–0.91 | EN ISO 12185 |
Acid number, mg KOH·g−1 | 0.40 | <0.5 | EN ISO 14104 [14] |
CFPP, °C | −2.0 | Country Specific Max. +5 °C | ΕΝ 116 [14] |
Oxidative stability at 110 °C, h | 0.34 | >6 | EN 14112 |
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Emmanouilidou, E.; Psalidas, A.; Lazaridou, A.; Mitkidou, S.; Kokkinos, N.C. Green Upgrading of Biodiesel Derived from Biomass Wastes. Eng. Proc. 2025, 87, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087014
Emmanouilidou E, Psalidas A, Lazaridou A, Mitkidou S, Kokkinos NC. Green Upgrading of Biodiesel Derived from Biomass Wastes. Engineering Proceedings. 2025; 87(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087014
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmmanouilidou, Elissavet, Alexandros Psalidas, Anastasia Lazaridou, Sophia Mitkidou, and Nikolaos C. Kokkinos. 2025. "Green Upgrading of Biodiesel Derived from Biomass Wastes" Engineering Proceedings 87, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087014
APA StyleEmmanouilidou, E., Psalidas, A., Lazaridou, A., Mitkidou, S., & Kokkinos, N. C. (2025). Green Upgrading of Biodiesel Derived from Biomass Wastes. Engineering Proceedings, 87(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025087014