Abstract
The safe and appropriate disposal of waste generated during mining operations makes mining waste management a crucial concern for the mining sector. This waste includes waste rock, tailing, and other mining wastes that can cause health and environmental issues if improperly managed. To avoid this issue, challenges in sustainable waste management were studied and DEMATEL analysis was conducted.
1. Introduction
Due to the implementation of sustainable practices and strategies in mining industries, waste generation is reduced. The recycling and reuse of waste in the mining industry can mitigate the negative effect of mining waste on the Earth. The proper utilization of mining wastes can ensure that people live in a pollution-free environment. Hudson-Edwards et al. [1] reported on undesirable mining waste found near a mining site used for landfill. Frank et al. [2] reported on how the sustainable use of mining waste can prevent future issues. Lèbre et al. [3] indicated that metal mining wastes are hazardous.To reduce the negative effects of waste management, sustainable waste management practices are implemented, as detailed in [4].
2. Research Methodology
An extensive literature review was conducted to investigate the waste management techniques used in mining industries. There are many challenges reported by mining industries. The most important challenges are the following:
- ➢
- The reuse of produced tailing waste;
- ➢
- Reductions in the environmental impact of mining waste on life;
- ➢
- The lack of advanced technology for waste utilization and segregation;
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- The lack of a regulatory framework.
Then, the DEMANTEL method was implemented to find a casual relationship between sustainable mining waste challenges.
3. Results and Discussion
The scale of the DEMATEL method is as follows: 0 = no effect; 1—small effect; 2—medium effect; 3—high effect; 4—very effective. Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5 show the DEMATEL steps, and Figure 1 depicts a cause and effect diagram. In Table 1, the effects of sustainable waste management are mentioned. Table 2 shows the normalized matrix. Table 3 shows direct and indirect relationship matrix and Table 4 shows the total relation matrix and Table 5 the prioritization factor matrix respectively.
Table 1.
Effect of Sustainable waste management.
Table 2.
Normalized Matrix.
Table 3.
Direct–indirect relation matrix.
Table 4.
Total relation matrix.
Table 5.
Prioritization factor matrix. All the values in matrix, which are smaller than threshold value (1.229930344) are set to zero, meaning that the causal relation mentioned above is not considered.
Figure 1.
Cause and effect diagram.
4. Conclusions
Finally, sustainable waste management is a critical concern in the mining industry given the significant environmental effects of mining activities. Comprehensive waste management programs are necessary for mining companies to minimize their negative environmental effects and increase sustainability. According to research on sustainable waste management in the mining sector, using a mix of approaches works best. The use of cutting-edge waste treatment and disposal technologies, along with waste reduction, recycling, composting, and other waste diversion initiatives, are some of the strategy for waste management. DEMATEL analysis offers important insights into the specific elements of waste management plans that best support sustainability.
Author Contributions
M.R.D. and L.K.P. gathered the data and S.S. wrote the paper after analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Institutional Review Board Statement
This study does not required any ethical approval.
Informed Consent Statement
Consent of mining industries and miners were received for this study.
Data Availability Statement
No data is required for this study.
Acknowledgments
We are thankful to all the miners for their help in the survey process. We are thankful to the reviewers, organizers and publishers to provide opportunity to publish our work.
Conflicts of Interest
The contributors have no conflicts of interest.
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