Fluorescent Based Tracers for Oil and Gas Downhole Applications: Between Conventional and Innovative Approaches †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fluorescent Tracers
2.1. Fluorescent Dyes
2.2. Fluorescent Quantum Dots
3. Innovative Fluorescent Tracers for Near-Real-Time Drilling Depth Monitoring
3.1. Preparation and Stability Examination of Tracers for Drill Cutting Labelling
3.2. FT-IR Spectroscopy Characterization of Tracers
3.3. Fluorescence Characterization of Tracers for Automated Detection
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tracer, (Emission Wavelength in Water, nm) | Structure | Method & Detection Limit, (μg/L) | Sorptivity |
---|---|---|---|
Uranine, Fluorescein (520 nm) [9] | HPLC/FLD (0.03 μg/L); HPLC/LIF (40 fg/mL) [1]; colorimetry (mg/mL level) [6]; UV (0.1–10 mg/mL) [1] | Very low | |
Eosin Y (545 nm) [10] | Solid phase spectrophotometry (1.20 mg/L) [11]; digital color analysis (DCA) (1.32 mg/L) [11] | Low | |
Rhodamine B (625 nm) [10] | Solid phase spectrophotometry (0.06 mg/L) [11]; DCA (0.6 mg/L) [11] | Strong | |
Rhodamine WT 555 nm [10] | visual/UV < 100 ppb [12] | Low-Medium | |
Sodium Naphthionate (420 nm) [13] | HPLC/FLD (pg/mL level) [14] | Low | |
Sodium naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate (2,7-NdSA)(339 nm) [15] | HPLC/FLD-200 pg/mL [1,15] | Low | |
4,4′-Biphenyl disulfonic acid sodium salt | HPLC/FLD (10–100 pg/mL) [1] HPLC/FLD (with preconcentration) < 10 μg/m3 (ppt) | Very Low |
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Khmelnitskiy, V.; AlJabri, N.; Solovyeva, V. Fluorescent Based Tracers for Oil and Gas Downhole Applications: Between Conventional and Innovative Approaches. Eng. Proc. 2022, 19, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECP2022-12670
Khmelnitskiy V, AlJabri N, Solovyeva V. Fluorescent Based Tracers for Oil and Gas Downhole Applications: Between Conventional and Innovative Approaches. Engineering Proceedings. 2022; 19(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECP2022-12670
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhmelnitskiy, Vladimir, Nouf AlJabri, and Vera Solovyeva. 2022. "Fluorescent Based Tracers for Oil and Gas Downhole Applications: Between Conventional and Innovative Approaches" Engineering Proceedings 19, no. 1: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECP2022-12670
APA StyleKhmelnitskiy, V., AlJabri, N., & Solovyeva, V. (2022). Fluorescent Based Tracers for Oil and Gas Downhole Applications: Between Conventional and Innovative Approaches. Engineering Proceedings, 19(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECP2022-12670