The Use of Ellagic Acid and Annona muricata Complex in Male Subjects with Oligospermia and HPV-Related Infections: Results from a Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patient Population
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Outcome Measures
2.4. Extract Composition and Characterization
2.5. Laboratory Considerations
2.6. Ethical and Statistical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Adherence to the Treatment
3.3. HPV-DNA Clearence at 3 Months
3.4. Seminal Plasma Parameters
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Results in the Context of Previous Studies
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number or Median (Range or %) | |
---|---|
Patients | 43 |
Age | 34 (22–43) |
Educational qualification | |
Primary School | 1 (2.3) |
High School | 23 (53.4) |
University | 19 (44.3) |
Sexual behavior | |
1 partner | 40 (93.1) |
>1 partners | 3 (6.9) |
Sexual orientation | |
Heterosexual | 42 (97.7) |
Homosexual | 1 (2.3) |
Testosterone (ng/dL) | |
Total | 635 (454–862) |
Free | 11.3 (7.48–14.76) |
Total serum glucose level (mg/dL) | 87 (77–99) |
Sexually active (past month) | 40 (93.1) |
HPV genotypes | |
HR-HPV | 11 (25.5) |
PHR-HPV | 8 (18.7) |
LR-HPV | 7 (16.3) |
PNG-HPV | 17 (39.5) |
Semen parameters | |
Volume (mL) | 2.9 (2.6–3.0) |
pH | 8.0 (7.8–8.1) |
Sperm concentration (×106/mL) | 10.6 (8.4–11.7) |
Motility (%) | 27.5 (24.3–29.6) |
Morphology (normal forms) (%) | 32.6 (28.1–37.4) |
Baseline | Follow-Up Visit | p | |
---|---|---|---|
HPV-DNA positive patients | 43 (100) | 16/43 (37.2) | |
HPV genotypes | <0.001 | ||
HR-HPV | 11 (25.5) | 9/16 (56.2) | |
PHR-HPV | 8 (18.7) | 2/16 (12.5) | |
LR-HPV | 7 (16.3) | 2/16 (12.5) | |
PNG-HPV | 17 (39.5) | 3/16 (18.8) | |
Semen parameters | |||
Volume (mL) | 2.9 (2.6–3.0) | 3.0 (2.9–3.3) | 0.79 |
pH | 8.0 (7.8–8.1) | 8.1 (7.9–8.3) | 0.80 |
Sperm concentration (×106/mL) | 10.6 (8.4–11.7) | 15.8 (14.9–17.1) | <0.001 |
Motility (%) | 27.5 (24.3–29.6) | 36.1 (34.9–37.8) | <0.001 |
Morphology (normal forms) (%) | 32.6 (28.1–37.4) | 33.9 (33.1–34.0) | 0.64 |
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Cai, T.; Tiscione, D.; Puglisi, M.; Gallelli, L.; Colosimo, M.; Rizzo, M.; Liguori, G.; Mazzoli, S.; Palmieri, A. The Use of Ellagic Acid and Annona muricata Complex in Male Subjects with Oligospermia and HPV-Related Infections: Results from a Pilot Study. Uro 2022, 2, 166-172. https://doi.org/10.3390/uro2030020
Cai T, Tiscione D, Puglisi M, Gallelli L, Colosimo M, Rizzo M, Liguori G, Mazzoli S, Palmieri A. The Use of Ellagic Acid and Annona muricata Complex in Male Subjects with Oligospermia and HPV-Related Infections: Results from a Pilot Study. Uro. 2022; 2(3):166-172. https://doi.org/10.3390/uro2030020
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai, Tommaso, Daniele Tiscione, Marco Puglisi, Luca Gallelli, Manuela Colosimo, Michele Rizzo, Giovanni Liguori, Sandra Mazzoli, and Alessandro Palmieri. 2022. "The Use of Ellagic Acid and Annona muricata Complex in Male Subjects with Oligospermia and HPV-Related Infections: Results from a Pilot Study" Uro 2, no. 3: 166-172. https://doi.org/10.3390/uro2030020