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Article

Effect of Glycerol and Isosorbide on Mechanical, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties During Retrogradation of a Cassava Thermoplastic Starch

by
Andrea Carolina Acosta-Tirado
1,2,*,
Jairo Salcedo-Mendoza
2,
Nicolas Martinez-Mera
3,
Howard Ramírez-Malule
1 and
José Herminsul Mina Hernández
3,*
1
Escuela de Ingeniería de Química, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760032, Colombia
2
Departamento de Ingenieria Agroindustrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sucre, Carrera 28 No. 5-267, Sucre 700001, Colombia
3
Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Grupo Materiales Compuestos, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760032, Colombia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polysaccharides 2025, 6(4), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6040112
Submission received: 22 August 2025 / Revised: 15 November 2025 / Accepted: 2 December 2025 / Published: 8 December 2025
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Abstract

The mechanical, thermal, physicochemical and structural properties of a thermoplastic cassava starch obtained by a twin-screw extrusion process were evaluated, using glycerol and isosorbide as plasticizers at different concentrations (30, 35 and 40% by weight) and storage times (1, 15 and 30 days) under controlled conditions of relative humidity of 47 ± 2% and temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. The results obtained show a decrease in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity and an increase in elongation in the initial measurements, suggesting that, in both cases, a plasticization phenomenon via absorption of humidity predominated in short times, while at prolonged times, a rigidification of the material occurred due to the generation of a retrogradation process. Likewise, a higher tensile strength and lower elongation were found in the materials plasticized with isosorbide. Finally, it was observed that the retrogradation phenomenon was more evident in the thermoplastic starch samples made with glycerol, and that the starches plasticized with isosorbide had lower moisture absorption, higher crystallinity and a predominantly Eh-type crystalline pattern, related to greater stability over time.
Keywords: thermoplastic starch; retrogradation; cassava starch; glycerol; isosorbide; mechanical properties thermoplastic starch; retrogradation; cassava starch; glycerol; isosorbide; mechanical properties

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MDPI and ACS Style

Acosta-Tirado, A.C.; Salcedo-Mendoza, J.; Martinez-Mera, N.; Ramírez-Malule, H.; Mina Hernández, J.H. Effect of Glycerol and Isosorbide on Mechanical, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties During Retrogradation of a Cassava Thermoplastic Starch. Polysaccharides 2025, 6, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6040112

AMA Style

Acosta-Tirado AC, Salcedo-Mendoza J, Martinez-Mera N, Ramírez-Malule H, Mina Hernández JH. Effect of Glycerol and Isosorbide on Mechanical, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties During Retrogradation of a Cassava Thermoplastic Starch. Polysaccharides. 2025; 6(4):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6040112

Chicago/Turabian Style

Acosta-Tirado, Andrea Carolina, Jairo Salcedo-Mendoza, Nicolas Martinez-Mera, Howard Ramírez-Malule, and José Herminsul Mina Hernández. 2025. "Effect of Glycerol and Isosorbide on Mechanical, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties During Retrogradation of a Cassava Thermoplastic Starch" Polysaccharides 6, no. 4: 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6040112

APA Style

Acosta-Tirado, A. C., Salcedo-Mendoza, J., Martinez-Mera, N., Ramírez-Malule, H., & Mina Hernández, J. H. (2025). Effect of Glycerol and Isosorbide on Mechanical, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties During Retrogradation of a Cassava Thermoplastic Starch. Polysaccharides, 6(4), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6040112

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