Effect of Pre-Extraction on Composition of Residual Liquor Obtained from Catalytic Organosolv Pulping of Sugar Maple Bark
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pre-Extraction Procedure
2.2. Total Sugar Content
2.3. Catalytic Organosolv Pulping
2.4. HPLC and LC–HRMS Analysis of Residual Liquor
2.5. NMR Analyses of Lignins
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Composition of Sugar Maple Bark
3.2. Monosaccharide Composition and Total Sugar Content of Bark Extracts
3.3. Organosolv Pulping of Pre-Extracted Bark
3.4. Composition of Residual Liquors after Organosolv Lignin Removal
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | Main Constituents | Bark (%) |
---|---|---|
1 | Total sugar * | 65.45 ± 1.55 |
Glucose | 28.85 ± 0.04 | |
Xylose | 15.4 ± 0.21 | |
Arabinose | 2.2 ± 0.07 | |
2 | Total lignin | 25.28 ± 0.95 |
Acid soluble lignin | 0.53 ± 0.73 | |
Klason lignin | 24.74 ± 0.22 | |
3 | Extractives yield | |
Water solvent | 7.90 ± 0.50a | |
Ethanol–water solvent | 5.88 ± 0.60b | |
4 | Ash | 3.54 |
Compositions | Water Extract (%) | EtOH–Water Extract (%) |
---|---|---|
Glucose | 61.59 ± 1.82 | 60.61 ± 0.53 |
Galactose | 25.96±1.02 | 27.45 ± 0.91 |
Fructose | 1.34 ± 0.10 | N/d |
Rhamnose | 4.34 ± 0.13 | 5.94 ± 0.10 |
Arabinose | 6.76 ± 0.16 | 5.99 ± 0.13 |
Total sugar * | 55.40 ± 2.11a | 26.74 ± 1.18b |
EtOH–Water (wt%) | Water (wt%) | |
---|---|---|
Cellulosic pulp | 48.42 ± 3.26 | 49.83 ± 6.11 |
(Lignin in cellulosic pulp *) | 8.09 ± 1.52 | 3.21 ± 0.52 |
(Ashes) | 0.25 ± 0.11 | 0.18 ± 0.09 |
Organosolv lignin yield | 16.27 ± 0.26 | 21.59 ± 0.71 |
Lignin recovery, % of total lignin in bark | 66.96 ± 2.35b | 87.1 ± 3.12a |
Type of -OH | EtOH–Water (mmol/g Lignin) | Water (mmol/g Lignin) |
---|---|---|
Aliphatic | 1.71 | 1.73 |
Syringyl (S) | 1.61 | 1.04 |
Guaiacyl (G) | 1.87 | 1.54 |
p-Hydroxy | 0.11 | 0.07 |
Carboxylic | 0.57 | 0.48 |
Pre-Extraction | Fraction of Residual Liquor * (%) | Glucose (%) ** | Xylose (%) ** | HMF (%) ** | FF (%) ** | C-3 (%) ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EtOH–water | 35.31 ± 2.47 | 1.59 ± 0.06b | 2.91 ± 0.13a | 1.18 ± 0.41a | 0.38 ± 0.01b | 0.15 ± 0.01 |
Water | 28.58 ± 6.82 | 1.82 ± 0.12b | 2.67 ± 0.05a | 0.69 ± 0.05b | 0.61 ± 0.03a | 0.10 ± 0.01 |
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Kasangana, P.B.; Bhatta, S.; Stevanovic, T. Effect of Pre-Extraction on Composition of Residual Liquor Obtained from Catalytic Organosolv Pulping of Sugar Maple Bark. Sustain. Chem. 2020, 1, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem1010002
Kasangana PB, Bhatta S, Stevanovic T. Effect of Pre-Extraction on Composition of Residual Liquor Obtained from Catalytic Organosolv Pulping of Sugar Maple Bark. Sustainable Chemistry. 2020; 1(1):23-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem1010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleKasangana, Pierre Betu, Sagar Bhatta, and Tatjana Stevanovic. 2020. "Effect of Pre-Extraction on Composition of Residual Liquor Obtained from Catalytic Organosolv Pulping of Sugar Maple Bark" Sustainable Chemistry 1, no. 1: 23-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem1010002