Serum IL-1ra Is Associated with but Has No Genetic Link to Type 1 Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Human Subjects
2.2. Fluorescent Immuno-Assay Measurement of IL-1ra
2.3. Data Acquisition
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of DAISY Cohort
3.2. Serum Levels of IL-1ra Are Associated with Progression to T1D
3.3. Serum IL-1ra Levels Are Not Genetically Associated with T1D
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subject Characteristics | Control (n = 222) | Non-Progressor (n = 41) | Progressor (n = 49) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of first sample, median (IQR) | 1.26 (0.78–2.58) | 1.29 (0.85–3.09) | 1.28 (0.80–2.73) | 0.7 | |
HLA genotype, n (%) | DR3/3 or DR3/X or DRX/X | 90 (40.54) | 13 (31.71) | 12 (24.49) | 0.08 |
DR3/4 or DR4/4 or DR4/X | 132 (59.46) | 28 (68.29) | 37 (75.51) | ||
FDR status, n (%) | GP | 97 (43.69) | 16 (39.02) | 17 (34.69) | 0.48 |
FDR | 125 (56.31) | 25 (60.98) | 32 (65.31) | ||
Gender, n (%) | Female | 97 (43.69) | 22 (53.66) | 24 (48.98) | 0.45 |
Male | 125 (56.31) | 19 (46.34) | 25 (51.02) |
Effect | Estimate | Standard Error | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 16.18 | 0.35 | <0.0001 | |
Age | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.64 | |
Gender | Female vs. Male | 0.72 | 0.26 | 0.005 |
HLA | DR3/4 or DR4/4 or DR4/X vs. DR3/3 or DR3/X or DRX/X | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.75 |
First-degree relative | YES vs. NO | 0.88 | 0.27 | 0.001 |
Progression to T1D | Non-progressor vs. Control | −0.2 | 0.36 | 0.58 |
Progressor vs. Control | −0.74 | 0.33 | 0.023 | |
Progressor vs. Non-progressor | −0.54 | 0.43 | 0.2 |
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Tran, P.M.H.; Dong, F.; Bin Satter, K.; Richardson, K.P.; Patel, R.; Tran, L.K.H.; Hopkins, D.; Kolhe, R.; Waugh, K.; Rewers, M.; et al. Serum IL-1ra Is Associated with but Has No Genetic Link to Type 1 Diabetes. Endocrines 2022, 3, 570-577. https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3030048
Tran PMH, Dong F, Bin Satter K, Richardson KP, Patel R, Tran LKH, Hopkins D, Kolhe R, Waugh K, Rewers M, et al. Serum IL-1ra Is Associated with but Has No Genetic Link to Type 1 Diabetes. Endocrines. 2022; 3(3):570-577. https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3030048
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran, Paul M. H., Fran Dong, Khaled Bin Satter, Katherine P. Richardson, Roshni Patel, Lynn K. H. Tran, Diane Hopkins, Ravindra Kolhe, Kathleen Waugh, Marian Rewers, and et al. 2022. "Serum IL-1ra Is Associated with but Has No Genetic Link to Type 1 Diabetes" Endocrines 3, no. 3: 570-577. https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3030048