Facial Scanners in Dentistry: An Overview
Abstract
:1. Introduction: Significance of Facial Scanners in Dentistry
1.1. Scanning Mechanisms
1.2. Accuracy of Facial Scanners
2. Applications of Facial Scanners in Dentistry
2.1. Diagnostic Records and the Virtual Patient
2.2. Smile Design
2.3. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
3. Future Applications
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scanner Type and Name | Applications | Features | |
---|---|---|---|
Photogrammetry /Stereophotogrammetry | 3dMD Face system (3dMD, Atlanta, GA, USA) | Medical and dental field. | 4D records of facial expressions, function, smile and speech. Anatomically precise 3D surface images for surgical intervention assessment and measurement of long-term morphological changes outcomes, such as cleft lip and palate. No manual registration is required. |
iPhone X (Apple, Cupertino, CA, USA) using Bellus3D Face Application (Bellus3D, Inc. Campbell, CA, USA) | Face ID authentication. Facial recognition to unlock the phone and authorize purchases. | The dot projector in the TrueDepth camera projected over 30,000 IR dots and captured the infrared image. The neural engine of Bionic Chip transformed the mathematical model to build a facial map and compared to the enrolled data. | |
Di4D (Dimensional Imaging, Glasgow, Scotland) | Video games and movies. Crosses into the entertainment sector to provide high density facial scans. | Bring digital humans to life. Capture an actor’s high fidelity motion data and translate to a virtual character. | |
Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid (PM) (Planmeca USA, Inc., Hoffman Estates, IL, USA) | Dental and ENT imaging. | Handles a wide range of diagnostic tasks including CBCT, orthodontic planning, CADCAM, implant planning, and maxillofacial surgeries. With anatomical presets for ears, nose and throat. | |
Structured light scanner | Facehunter (Zirconzahn, South Tyrol, Italy) | Designed for dentists and dental technicians. | Efficient patient consultation. Planning reliability for the patient, the dentist and the dental technicians. Well-integrated with digital workflow. |
FaceScan system (Isravision, Darmstadt, Germany) | Designed for dental field. | Has a double-mirror structure that captures three angles of 3D images and combines them into 3D models. | |
EinScan Pro (Shining 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China) | Handheld. Designed for engineers, designers, art and heritage, custom orthotics. | Multifunctional. Utilizing infrared light instead of visible light during face scan mode, comfortable for eyes. | |
EinScan Pro 2X Plus (Shining 3D Tech. Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China) using Shining Software | Handheld. Not specific to dental workflow. | Multifunctional. Manually or markers align mode. Not recommended for moving or hairy objects. | |
Priti mirror scanner and priti image software (Isravision, Polymetric, Germany) | Digital models of face and teeth merged together with image software. | Take pictures at different angles. An open 3D software with CAD construction programs. (ExoCAD Dental CAD, 3Shape dental designer) | |
ATOS Compact Scan 5M (GOM mbH, Braunschweig, Germany) | For reverse engineering and dimension inspection. | Precise optical measuring system. Has a probing feature that can digitize deep pockets and areas that are not optically accessible. | |
Laser scanner | ObiScanner (ObiScanner, Milano, Italy) | Dental field. | Scan lasts 15 s to produce a 3D model. Requires no training. An open software compatible with CAD systems. |
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Lee, J.D.; Nguyen, O.; Lin, Y.-C.; Luu, D.; Kim, S.; Amini, A.; Lee, S.J. Facial Scanners in Dentistry: An Overview. Prosthesis 2022, 4, 664-678. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4040053
Lee JD, Nguyen O, Lin Y-C, Luu D, Kim S, Amini A, Lee SJ. Facial Scanners in Dentistry: An Overview. Prosthesis. 2022; 4(4):664-678. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4040053
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jason D., Olivia Nguyen, Yu-Chun Lin, Dianne Luu, Susie Kim, Ashley Amini, and Sang J. Lee. 2022. "Facial Scanners in Dentistry: An Overview" Prosthesis 4, no. 4: 664-678. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4040053