What Does the Curriculum Say? Review of the Particle Physics Content in 27 High-School Physics Curricula
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Which concepts related to particle physics are the most common in national and international high-school physics curricula with a dedicated particle physics chapter?
- Which concepts related to particle physics are the most common in national and international high-school physics curricula without a dedicated particle physics chapter?
- What are the differences and similarities between particle physics contents in curricula with and without a dedicated particle physics chapter?
2. State of the Research
2.1. The Definition of a Curriculum
2.2. Particle Physics in High-School Education
3. Methods
3.1. Coding Manual
3.2. Reviewing the Curricula
3.3. Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Curriculum Types
4.2. Results of the Analysis
4.2.1. Explicit Particle Physics
4.2.2. Other Curricular Topics
4.2.3. History and Nature of Science
5. Discussion
5.1. Strengths and Limitations
5.2. Implications
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Topic | Code | Description | Exclusion | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interaction particles | Interaction particles | The curriculum mentions bosons or at least one of the following: photons (as interaction particles), W bosons, Z bosons, gluons, gauge bosons. | To code the Higgs boson, please use the code “Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism”. | “The Standard Model explains three of the four (strong, weak and electromagnetic forces) in terms of an exchange of force-carrying particles called gauge bosons.” |
Elementary particles | Quarks | The curriculum mentions quarks or at least one of the following: up quark, down quark, strange quark, charm quark, top quark, bottom quark, anti-(up quark, down quark, etc.). | “Compare and contrast the up quark, the down quark, the electron and the electron neutrino, and their antiparticles, in terms of charge and energy (mass-energy).” |
12 Curricula with a Dedicated Particle Physics Chapter | 15 Curricula without a Dedicated Particle Physics Chapter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topic | Concept | Count (Topic) | Count (Concept) | Count (Topic) | Count (Concept) |
1 T Cosmology | Big Bang | 7 * | 6 | 9 * | 9 * |
Inflation | 5 | 4 | |||
Expansion | 5 | 5 | |||
2 T Standard Model | Standard Model | 8 * | 8 * | 3 | 3 |
3 T Fundamental interactions | Electromagnetic interaction | 9 * | 8 * | 9 * | 9 * |
Strong interaction | 9 * | 3 | |||
Weak interaction | 8 * | 2 | |||
Gravitational interaction | 5 | 0 | |||
4 T Charges | Electric charge | 11 * | 11 * | 11 * | 11 * |
Strong charge | 0 | 0 | |||
Weak charge | 0 | 0 | |||
5 T Elementary particles | Quarks | 10 * | 9 * | 11 * | 4 |
Leptons | 10 * | 10 * | |||
6 T Interaction particles | Interaction particles | 8 | 8 * | 7 | 7 |
7 T Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism | Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
8 T Particle transformations | Particle transformations | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
9 T Feynman diagrams | Feynman diagrams | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
10 T Antimatter research | Antimatter research | 7 * | 7 * | 4 | 4 |
11 E Particle accelerators | Linear accelerators | 8 * | 1 | 4 | 3 |
Circular accelerators | 5 | 3 | |||
General particle accelerators | 7 * | 2 | |||
12 E Particle detectors | Historical detectors | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Modern detectors | 0 | 0 | |||
General particle detectors | 3 | 1 | |||
13 E Data storage and data analysis | Data storage and data analysis | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
14 Advances in particle physics | Experimental results | 7 * | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Open questions | 7 * | 0 | |||
15 Real-life applications of particle physics | Real-life applications of particle physics | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
12 Curricula with a Dedicated Particle Physics Chapter | 15 Curricula without a Dedicated Particle Physics Chapter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topic | Concept | Count (Topic) | Count (Concept) | Count (Topic) | Count (Concept) |
Mechanics | Linear motion | 12 * | 11 * | 15 * | 15 * |
Circular motion | 11 * | 15 * | |||
Gravity | Newtonian gravity | 12 * | 12* | 15 * | 15 * |
Einsteinian gravity | 5 | 2 | |||
Conservation Laws (of) | Energy | 12 * | 12 * | 15 * | 15 * |
Linear momentum | 11 * | 13 * | |||
Angular momentum | 4 | 7 | |||
Charges | 6 | 4 | |||
Thermodynamics | Particle model | 12 * | 11 * | 14 * | 14 * |
Phase transitions | 7 * | * | |||
Vacuum | 7 * | 4 | |||
Electromagnetism | Electric fields | 12 * | 12 * | 15 * | 14 * |
Magnetic fields | 12 * | 1 * | |||
Magnetic force | 11 * | 12 * | |||
Ionisation | 5 | 10 * | |||
Electromagnetic waves | 12 * | 13 * | |||
Superconductivity | 5 | 2 | |||
Radiation | Cosmic radiation | 12 * | 4 | 14* | 3 |
Alpha radiation | 10 * | 12 * | |||
Beta radiation | 10 * | 12 * | |||
Gamma radiation | 10 * | 12 * | |||
Radiation (general) | 12 * | 14 * | |||
Special relativity | Relativistic motion | 12 * | 11 * | 11 * | 7 |
E = mc2 | 11 * | 11 * | |||
Quantum physics | Quantum effects | 12 * | 2 | 15 * | 4 |
Probability in quantum physics | 11 * | 11 * | |||
Atomic models | 12 * | 14* | |||
Atomic energy levels | 11 * | 11 * | |||
Quantum mechanics | 10 * | 9 * |
12 Curricula with a Dedicated Particle Physics Chapter | 15 Curricula without a Dedicated Particle Physics Chapter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topic | Concept | Count (Topic) | Count (Concept) | Count (Topic) | Count (Concept) |
History of science | History of quantum physics | 10 * | 10 * | 10 * | 10 * |
History of particle physics | 3 | 2 | |||
Nature of science | Nature of science | 10 * | 10 * | 13 * | 13 * |
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Kranjc Horvat, A.; Wiener, J.; Schmeling, S.M.; Borowski, A. What Does the Curriculum Say? Review of the Particle Physics Content in 27 High-School Physics Curricula. Physics 2022, 4, 1278-1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics4040082
Kranjc Horvat A, Wiener J, Schmeling SM, Borowski A. What Does the Curriculum Say? Review of the Particle Physics Content in 27 High-School Physics Curricula. Physics. 2022; 4(4):1278-1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics4040082
Chicago/Turabian StyleKranjc Horvat, Anja, Jeff Wiener, Sascha Marc Schmeling, and Andreas Borowski. 2022. "What Does the Curriculum Say? Review of the Particle Physics Content in 27 High-School Physics Curricula" Physics 4, no. 4: 1278-1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics4040082