Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Based on Power Quality Improvement Using Self-Adaptive Lévy Flight Jaya Algorithm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Determination of optimal location and size for multiple DG units based on power quality in terms of voltage deviation from the flat voltage profile
- A self-adaptive Lévy flight Jaya algorithm (SALFJA) representing an improved version of the Jaya algorithm by the addition of Lévy flight for extensive search is used for optimal DG placement
- The performance of the proposed method is validated in a stochastic environment
- The power quality of the distribution system is mathematically modeled as a sum of squares of voltage deviation at each bus from the flat voltage profile
2. Methodology
2.1. Mathematical Modeling of DG Placement
2.2. Self-Adaptive Lévy Flight Jaya Algorithm (SALFJA)
3. Results Analysis
3.1. Case Study—01: IEEE 15 Bus Radial Distribution System
3.2. Case Study—02: PG & E 69 Bus Radial Distribution System
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DG | Distributed generation |
TSVD | Total system voltage deviation |
PQ | Power quality |
DISCOs | Distribution companies |
P(i) | Generation from DG unit |
Power demand | |
Active power loss | |
Apparent power in feeder ‘i’ | |
Thermal limit for feeder ‘i’ | |
V(i) | Voltage at bus |
Location for DG | |
Size for DG |
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Simulation | TSVD | Simulation | TSVD |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.00018 | 6 | 0.00018 |
2 | 0.00018 | 7 | 0.00018 |
3 | 0.00018 | 8 | 0.00018 |
4 | 0.00018 | 9 | 0.00018 |
5 | 0.00018 | 10 | 0.00018 |
Min | 0.00018 | Max | 0.00018 |
Mean | 0.00018 | Std. | 0 |
DG1 | DG2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | Size | Location | Size | TSVD | Base Case TSVD |
2 | 1 MW | 3 | 1 MW | 0.00018 | 0.0283 |
Simulation | SALFJA | Jaya | GA | PSO |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00087 | 0.00090 |
2 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00057 | 0.00093 |
3 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00095 | 0.00054 |
4 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00077 | 0.00095 |
5 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00021 | 0.00079 |
6 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00078 | 0.00232 |
7 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00055 | 0.00074 |
8 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00084 | 0.00106 |
9 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00051 | 0.00056 |
10 | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00094 | 0.00091 |
Min | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00021 | 0.00054 |
Max | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.00095 | 0.00232 |
Mean | 0.00018 | 0.00018 | 0.000699 | 0.00097 |
Std | 0 | 0 | 0.000235 | 0.000503 |
p-value | - | - | 3.18 × 10 | 0.000388 |
Simulation | TSVD | Simulation | TSVD |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.01161 | 6 | 0.01158 |
2 | 0.01142 | 7 | 0.01142 |
3 | 0.01139 | 8 | 0.01147 |
4 | 0.01138 | 9 | 0.01147 |
5 | 0.01155 | 10 | 0.01152 |
Min | 0.01138 | Max | 0.01161 |
Mean | 0.011481 | Std. | 0.000081 |
DG1 | DG2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | Size | Location | Size | TSVD | Base Case TSVD |
61 | 1 MW | 15 | 0.82 MW | 0.01138 | 0.0993 |
Simulation | SALFJA | Jaya | GA | PSO |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.01161 | 0.01580 | 0.05750 | 0.02131 |
2 | 0.01142 | 0.01155 | 0.02872 | 0.02424 |
3 | 0.01139 | 0.01187 | 0.01618 | 0.02001 |
4 | 0.01138 | 0.01187 | 0.05025 | 0.02135 |
5 | 0.01155 | 0.01667 | 0.02419 | 0.01241 |
6 | 0.01158 | 0.01986 | 0.03762 | 0.01301 |
7 | 0.01142 | 0.01187 | 0.04480 | 0.01187 |
8 | 0.01147 | 0.01187 | 0.04259 | 0.01187 |
9 | 0.01147 | 0.01489 | 0.04805 | 0.01727 |
10 | 0.01152 | 0.01187 | 0.01612 | 0.02989 |
min | 0.01138 | 0.01155 | 0.01612 | 0.01187 |
max | 0.01161 | 0.01986 | 0.05750 | 0.02989 |
mean | 0.01148 | 0.01381 | 0.03660 | 0.01832 |
std | 0.00008 | 0.00286 | 0.01457 | 0.00612 |
p-value | NA | 0.013664 | 0.0002 | 0.00321 |
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Naga Lakshmi, G.V.; Jaya Laxmi, A.; Veeramsetty, V.; Salkuti, S.R. Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Based on Power Quality Improvement Using Self-Adaptive Lévy Flight Jaya Algorithm. Clean Technol. 2022, 4, 1242-1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4040076
Naga Lakshmi GV, Jaya Laxmi A, Veeramsetty V, Salkuti SR. Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Based on Power Quality Improvement Using Self-Adaptive Lévy Flight Jaya Algorithm. Clean Technologies. 2022; 4(4):1242-1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4040076
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaga Lakshmi, Gubbala Venkata, Askani Jaya Laxmi, Venkataramana Veeramsetty, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. 2022. "Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Based on Power Quality Improvement Using Self-Adaptive Lévy Flight Jaya Algorithm" Clean Technologies 4, no. 4: 1242-1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4040076