How Do Newly-Amended Biochar Particles Affect Erodibility and Soil Water Movement?—A Small-Scale Experimental Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- decreases the erodibility of sandy and silty soil substrates by splash erosion,
- 2.
- leads to increased hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention directly after amendment.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Influence of Biochar on Soil Erodibility
3.2. Influence of Biochar on Soil Water Movement
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substrate | Biochar Type and Application Rate | Biochar Particle Size |
---|---|---|
Coarse sand (97.9% sand, 0.3% silt, 1.75% clay) | 2% Pyrochar | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm |
6% Pyrochar | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
10% Pyrochar | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
2% HTC-char | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
6% HTC-char | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
10% HTC-char | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
Control, no addition | ||
Silt loam (3.2% sand, 71.6% silt, 25.3% clay) | 2% Pyrochar | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm |
6% Pyrochar | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
10% Pyrochar | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
2% HTC-char | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
6% HTC-char | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
10% HTC-char | <1 mm, 1–2 mm or 2–5 mm | |
Control, no addition |
df 1 | F 2 | Pr 3 | sig 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Silt loam | ||||
Biochar | 97 | 9.1 | 0.001 | *** |
Particle size | 97 | 0.9 | 0.406 | ns |
Application rate | 97 | 1.0 | 0.386 | ns |
Coarse sand | ||||
Biochar | 100 | 6.8 | 0.002 | ** |
Particle size | 100 | 7.2 | 0.001 | ** |
Application rate | 100 | 0.001 | 0.995 | ns |
Amendment | Bulk Soil Density | FCmin | PWP | Available Water Capacity | Hydraulic Conductivity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coarse sand | |||||
Control | 1.50 | 4.51 | 1.12 | 3.39 | 35.56 |
Pyrochar 2% | 1.42 | 5.43 | 1.26 | 4.17 | 44.45 |
Pyrochar 6% | 1.33 | 11.26 | 2.29 | 8.98 | 46.31 |
Pyrochar 10% | 1.19 | 15.88 | 6.25 | 9.63 | 96.01 |
HTC-char 2% | 1.39 | 7.68 | 2.32 | 5.36 | 45.55 |
HTC-char 6% | 1.20 | 16.36 | 3.41 | 12.95 | 88.90 |
HTC-char 10% | 1.08 | 21.98 | 5.64 | 16.34 | 159.43 |
Silt loam | |||||
Control | 1.25 | 49.71 | 17.30 | 32.41 | 0.00 |
Pyrochar 2% | 1.23 | 49.13 | 18.98 | 30.14 | 0.00 |
Pyrochar 6% | 1.15 | 50.13 | 16.56 | 33.57 | 0.00 |
Pyrochar 10% | 1.06 | 49.81 | 17.24 | 32.58 | 0.85 |
HTC-char 2% | 1.20 | 50.15 | 17.54 | 32.61 | 0.00 |
HTC-char 6% | 1.05 | 51.95 | 18.04 | 33.91 | 0.76 |
HTC-char 10% | 0.96 | 54.28 | 18.34 | 35.94 | 2.79 |
Soil Hydraulic Conductivity | Available Water Capacity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F 1 | Pr 2 | sig 3 | F 1 | Pr 2 | sig 3 | |
Silt loam | ||||||
Biochar | 16.3 | <0.001 | *** | 2.2 | 0.141 | ns |
Particle size | 1.2 | 0.318 | ns | 0.6 | 0.576 | ns |
Application rate | 25.7 | <0.001 | *** | 3.1 | 0.070 | . |
Coarse sand | ||||||
Biochar | 31.7 | <0.001 | *** | 31.7 | <0.001 | *** |
Particle size | 0.9 | 0.429 | ns | 0.9 | 0.429 | ns |
Application rate | 45.7 | <0.001 | *** | 45.7 | <0.001 | *** |
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Seitz, S.; Teuber, S.; Geißler, C.; Goebes, P.; Scholten, T. How Do Newly-Amended Biochar Particles Affect Erodibility and Soil Water Movement?—A Small-Scale Experimental Approach. Soil Syst. 2020, 4, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040060
Seitz S, Teuber S, Geißler C, Goebes P, Scholten T. How Do Newly-Amended Biochar Particles Affect Erodibility and Soil Water Movement?—A Small-Scale Experimental Approach. Soil Systems. 2020; 4(4):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040060
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeitz, Steffen, Sandra Teuber, Christian Geißler, Philipp Goebes, and Thomas Scholten. 2020. "How Do Newly-Amended Biochar Particles Affect Erodibility and Soil Water Movement?—A Small-Scale Experimental Approach" Soil Systems 4, no. 4: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040060