Getting to the Root of Selenium Hyperaccumulation—Localization and Speciation of Root Selenium and Its Effects on Nematodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Nematode Collections
2.2. Nematode Extraction and Quantification
2.3. Nematode Greenhouse Studies
2.4. Selenium Distribution and Speciation
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Selenium Concentration, Speciation and Distribution in Field-Collected Hyperaccumulator Roots
3.2. Field Nematode Counts
3.3. Greenhouse Nematode Inoculations
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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XANES Spot | NSS (× 10−4) | C-Se-C (%) | SeO42− (%) | SeO32− (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stanleya pinnata (Figure 2) | ||||
Cortex: | ||||
4 | 5.5 | 99 | ND | ND |
5 | 4.1 | 100 | ND | ND |
6 | 4.9 | 99 | ND | ND |
Average ± SD | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 99 ± 0.6 | ND | ND |
Stele: | ||||
1 | 3.1 | 99 | ND | ND |
2 | 3.3 | 99 | ND | ND |
3 | 3.7 | 100 | ND | 0.1 |
Average ± SD | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 100 ± 0.4 | ND | ND |
Soil/epidermis: | ||||
7 | 3.6 | 100 | ND | ND |
8 | 5.1 | 100 | ND | ND |
9 | 11.8 | 48 | 49 | ND |
Average ± SD | 6.8 ± 4.4 | 83 ± 30 | 17 ± 29 | ND |
Astragalus bisulcatus (Figure 2) | ||||
Cortex: | ||||
3 | 5.5 | 91 | 9 | ND |
6 | 4.2 | 96 | 3 | ND |
8 | 3.7 | 97 | 2 | ND |
Average ± SD | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 95 ± 3 | 5 ± 4 | ND |
Stele: | ||||
4 | 5.2 | 96 | 2 | 1 |
5 | 4.3 | 98 | 1 | ND |
Average ± SD | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 97 ± 2 | 2 ± 0.4 | ND |
Soil/Epidermis: | ||||
1 | 3.4 | 100 | 1 | ND |
2 | 3.7 | 97 | 3 | ND |
7 | 3.8 | 94 | 5 | ND |
9 1 | 9.0 | 38 | ND | 48 |
Average ± SD | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 82 ± 30 | 2 ± 2 | 12 ± 24 |
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Prins, C.N.; Hantzis, L.J.; Valdez-Barillas, J.R.; Cappa, J.J.; Fakra, S.C.; Milano de Tomasel, C.; Wall, D.H.; Pilon-Smits, E.A.H. Getting to the Root of Selenium Hyperaccumulation—Localization and Speciation of Root Selenium and Its Effects on Nematodes. Soil Syst. 2019, 3, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3030047
Prins CN, Hantzis LJ, Valdez-Barillas JR, Cappa JJ, Fakra SC, Milano de Tomasel C, Wall DH, Pilon-Smits EAH. Getting to the Root of Selenium Hyperaccumulation—Localization and Speciation of Root Selenium and Its Effects on Nematodes. Soil Systems. 2019; 3(3):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3030047
Chicago/Turabian StylePrins, Christine N., Laura J. Hantzis, Jose R. Valdez-Barillas, Jennifer J. Cappa, Sirine C. Fakra, Cecilia Milano de Tomasel, Diana H. Wall, and Elizabeth A. H. Pilon-Smits. 2019. "Getting to the Root of Selenium Hyperaccumulation—Localization and Speciation of Root Selenium and Its Effects on Nematodes" Soil Systems 3, no. 3: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3030047