Exploring the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Mode Driven by Fire Information in China: From the Perspective of Organizational Interaction
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Research Problem and Model Construction
2.1. Research Problem Description
2.2. Assumptions of the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Game Model
2.3. Construction of the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Game Model
2.3.1. Strategy Benefits and Replication Dynamic Equation of the Fire Management Sector
2.3.2. Strategy Benefits and Replication Dynamic Equation of the Industry Management Sector
2.3.3. Strategy Benefits and Replication Dynamic Equation of the Industry Operator
3. Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Game System
3.1. Simulation Analysis of the Evolution of the Game System Driven by the Sharing Level of Fire Information
3.2. Simulation Analysis of Evolution of Game System Driven by Coverage Range of Fire Information
3.3. Simulation Analysis of the Evolution of the Game System Driven by the Disclosure Degree of Fire Information
4. Discussion
4.1. Discussion of Analysis Results
4.2. Limitations and Contributions
5. Conclusions and Implications
5.1. Research Conclusions
- (1)
- With the increase in the sharing level of fire information, the coverage range of fire information, and the disclosure degree of fire information, although the evolution path of the cross-sectoral joint fire management game system and the strategy evolution trajectory of the game subjects are not the same, each cross-sectoral joint fire management game system can form a stable strategy combination of (1,1,1). This indicates that the sharing level of fire information, β, the coverage range of fire information, α, and the disclosure degree of fire information, θ, all play a positive driving role in the formation of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode.
- (2)
- The sharing level of fire information can effectively save management costs for the fire management sector and the industry management sector, as well as increase the probabilities of the fire management sector and the industry management sector choosing positive strategies. Although the sharing level of fire information, β, does not directly affect the industry operator, the industry operator’s perception of the punishment losses will also converge to z = 1 with an increase in the fire information sharing level.
- (3)
- Increasing the coverage range of fire information can promote and inhibit the enthusiasm of the fire management sector and the industry management sector to participate in joint fire management. The influence of the fire information coverage, α, on the strategy choice of the industry operator is smaller than the influence of the fire management sector, and the industry management sector on the strategy choice of the industry operator.
- (4)
- Information disclosure is an important supplement to the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode between the fire management sector and the industry management sector. It can improve the social credibility benefits of the management sectors. Meanwhile, information disclosure encourages the industry operator to choose a safe management strategy by increasing the industry operator’s perception of punishment losses.
- (5)
- The influence trends in the sharing level of fire information, β, the coverage range of fire information, α, and the disclosure degree of fire information, θ, on the fire management sector’s strategy choice and the industry management sector’s strategy choice are similar; however, the fire management sector is more sensitive to changes in the relevant parameters and game subjects’ strategies. Meanwhile, the fire management sector has a greater influence on the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode.
5.2. Implications of the Research Results
- (1)
- Enhancing institutional support for the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode. With the continuous development of new industry forms and new technologies, the fire management sector can no longer cope with the new risks and problems emerging in fire management alone. Cross-sectoral joint fire management is the organizational mode that integrates resources from the fire management sector and industry management sector to fill the blind area of fire management and improve the effectiveness of fire management. The complete institutional system is important support for the development of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode. Therefore, it should further formulate and improve the policy system of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode to promote the gradual institutionalization and standardization of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode. Meanwhile, the construction, operation, and evaluation of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode should be defined. It should further optimize the cooperation and interaction between organizations based on the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode by making clear the specific responsibilities of the fire management sector and the industry management sector in order to avoid and reduce the conflicts caused by cross-sectoral and overlapping functions.
- (2)
- Promoting the communication and sharing of cross-sectoral information. The construction of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode should fully rely on the information sharing of the fire management sector, industry management sector and industry operator. The construction of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode should fully rely on the information sharing of the fire management sector, industry management sector, and industry operator. It can realize the effective aggregation of multilevel, multidimensional, and multisource fire information. The fire management sector can comprehensively promote fire informatization construction according to the fire management platform, as well as connect the industry management sector in different fields to the port. Meanwhile, it can rely on the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and other information, as well as intelligent emerging technologies, to break through the barriers of fire management information integration and broaden the sources of fire information collection. Specifically, the information interoperability between the fire management sector and the transportation, health, education, commerce, and other industry management sectors should be deepened. The costs of cooperation between the fire management sector and the industry management sector can be reduced. In addition, the depth of cooperation between the fire management sector and the industry management sector in information reporting, consultation, and coordination, and social services can be continuously enhanced by relying on daily fire management and special operations for key time points and key risk areas to consolidate the trust foundation of the cross-sectoral joint fire management mode.
- (3)
- Expanding the scope and channels of fire information disclosure. Information disclosure is a positive measure with which to integrate fire management into the social governance environment, introduce social and public supervision, and improve the efficiency of fire management. Information disclosure can rationalize and supplement the management resources of the fire management sector and the industry management sector. Meanwhile, it is also an effective way to increase the loss perception of the industry operator. Therefore, on the one hand, the content and timeliness of fire information disclosure should be well defined, and the platform function of multiple media should be fully utilized to expand fire information disclosure channels, as well as extend the coverage of fire information. On the other hand, the fire management sector and the industry management sector can increase the information disclosure of fire risks among industry operators according to the key places and key risk types in the region as well as the industry field. In addition, a fire risk reporting mechanism can be introduced to build a bridge between the fire management sector and the public to exchange information and form a joint fire management synergy of society.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Hidayat, A. Analysis of the Efficiency of Budget Planning at the Bandung City Fire and Disaster Management Service. Int. J. Sci. Soc. 2022, 4, 603–616. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Waheed, M.A.A. Approach to Fire-Related Disaster Management in High Density Urban-Area. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Infrastructure Engineering in Developing Countries, (IEDC 2013), Karachi, Pakistan, 26–28 December 2013; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2014; Volume 77, pp. 61–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Dong, C.; An, S. Integration and modularization: Research on urban cross-regional emergency cooperation based on the network approach. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 2022, 82, 103375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, J.; Shu, X.; Xie, S.; Tang, S.; Wu, J.; Deng, B. Socioeconomic determinants of urban fire risk: A city-wide analysis of 283 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2016. Fire Saf. J. 2019, 110, 102890. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Xu, B. Spatio-temporal features of China’s urban fires: An investigation with reference to gross domestic product and humidity. Sustainability 2015, 7, 9734–9752. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pivello, V.R.; Vieira, I.; Christianini, A.V.; Ribeiro, D.B.; Menezes, L.D.S.; Berlinck, C.N.; Melo, F.P.L.; Marengo, J.A.; Tornquist, C.G.; Tomas, W.M.; et al. Understanding Brazil’s catastrophic fires: Causes, consequences and policy needed to prevent future tragedies. Perspect. Ecol. Conser. 2021, 19, 233–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Dong, C.; An, S.; Mai, Q. Dynamic Evolution Analysis of the Emergency Collaboration Network for Compound Disasters: A Case Study Involving a Public Health Emergency and an Accident Disaster during COVID-19. Healthcare 2022, 10, 500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xiong, Y.; Zhang, C.; Qi, H.; Liu, X. Characteristics and situation of fire in China from 1999 to 2019: A statistical investigation. Front. Environ. Sci. 2022, 10, 945171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Yao, J.; Sila-Nowicka, K. Exploring spatiotemporal dynamics of urban fires: A case of Nanjing, China. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2018, 7, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Horwitz, J.R.; McGahan, A.M. Collaborating to manage performance trade-offs: How fire departments preserve life and save property. Strategic Manage. J. 2019, 40, 408–431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sari, A.A.; Rafrita, F.K.; Rahayuningsih, T.; Alfianto, I. The role of the fire safety management in providing a guarantee of a fire protection: The case of Graha Rektorat building of State University of Malang. In Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Malang, Indonesia, 1 November 2019; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2019; p. 669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Shen, L.; Ren, Y.; Wang, J.; Liu, Z.; Yan, H. How fire safety management attended during the urbanization process in China? J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 236, 117686. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, L.Z.; Chen, H.; Yang, Y.; Fang, T.Y. The effect of socioeconomic factors on fire in China. J. Fire Sci. 2005, 23, 451–467. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, X.; Wang, G.; Chen, T.; Hagan, D.F.T.; Ullah, W. A spatio-temporal analysis of active fires over China during 2003–2016. Remote. Sens. 2020, 12, 1787. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, P.P.; Sabnani, C.S.; Kapse, V.S. Hotspot analysis of structure fires in urban agglomeration: A case of Nagpur City, India. Fire 2021, 4, 38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ketsakorn, A.; Phangchandha, R. Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process to Rank Fire Safety Factors for Assessing the Fire Probabilistic Risk in School for the Blind Building: A Case Study in Thailand. Fire 2023, 6, 354. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ardianto, R.; Chhetri, P. Modeling spatial-temporal dynamics of urban residential fire risk using a markov chain technique. Int. J. Disast. Risk Sci. 2019, 10, 57–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, K.; Yuan, Y.; Chen, M.; Wang, D. A POIs based method for determining spatial distribution of urban fire risk. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 2021, 154, 447–457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hansson, L.; Weinholt, A. New Frontline Actors Emerging from Cross-Sector Collaboration: Examples from the Fire and Rescue Service Sector. Public Organ. Rev. 2019, 19, 519–539. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suzuki, S.; Manzello, S.L. The Influence of COVID-19 Stay at home measures on fire statistics sampled from New York City, London, San Francisco, and Tokyo. Fire Technol. 2022, 58, 679–688. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Noori, S.; Mohammadi, A.; Ferreira, T.M.; Gilandeh, A.G.; Ardabili, S.J.M. Modelling and mapping urban vulnerability index against potential structural fire-related risks: An integrated GIS-MCDM approach. Fire 2023, 6, 107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wardani, T.K.; Nurcahyo, R.; Dachyar, M. Jakarta Fire Safety System Management Practices for High-Rise Building. In Proceedings of the 2018 5th IEEE International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (IEEE ICETAS), Bangkok, Thailand, 22–23 November 2018; IEEE: New York, NY, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, T.; Ke, W. Urban fire emergency management based on big data intelligent processing system and Internet of Things. Optik 2023, 273, 170433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, T.; Fu, Z. The fire situation and progress in fire safety science and technology in China. Fire Saf. J. 2007, 42, 171–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Murota, T.; Takeda, F. A Discussion on the Nation’s Command and Coordination Regarding Emergency Fire Response Teams. J. Disaster Res. 2019, 14, 978–990. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xiong, Y.; Zhang, C.; Qi, H. How effective is the fire safety education policy in China? A quantitative evaluation based on the PMC-index model. Saf. Sci. 2023, 161, 106070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- General Office of the State Council. Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Issuing Measures for the Implementation of the Fire Safety Responsibility System. Gaz. State Counc. People’s Repub. China 2017, 32, 13–20. (In Chinese) [Google Scholar]
- Marotta, S.M.; Masucci, V.; Caterino, C.; Cefarelli, M.S. From Diverse Sources to a Unified Framework: Constructing an Operational Ontology for Fire Management. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information and Communications Technology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 10 November 2023; IEEE: New York, NY, USA, 2023; pp. 470–475. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bai, F.; Gao, R. On the application of game theory to the fire supervision management in public assembly occupancies. J. Saf. Environ. 2008, 2, 153–156. (In Chinese) [Google Scholar]
- Liu, Z.; Li, X.Y.; Jomaas, G. Effects of governmental data governance on urban fire risk: A city-wide analysis in China. Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduct. 2022, 78, 103138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, X.; Cai, K.; Chen, B.; Zha, J.; Zhou, G. Application of voice recognition interaction and big data internet of things in urban fire fighting. J. Locat. Based Serv. 2024, 18, 53–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, C.C.; Lam, S.K.; Kwong, W.K.; Lau, W.K.; Tung, C.N.; Cho, Y.M.; Li, C.Y. Advancing Fire Safety in Hong Kong Buildings: An IoT-Based Fire Accident Indication System. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering—Asia, Guangzhou, China, 4–6 November 2022; IEEE: New York, NY, USA, 2023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Masoumi, Z.; Genderen, J.V.L.; Maleki, J. Fire risk assessment in dense urban areas using information fusion techniques. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8, 579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Dong, C. Understanding the Complex Adaptive Characteristics of Cross-Regional Emergency Collaboration in China: A Stochastic Evolutionary Game Approach. Fractal Fract. 2024, 8, 98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lehtonen, J.; Otsuka, J. Evolutionary game theory of continuous traits from a causal perspective. Philos. T. R. Soc. B. 2023, 378, 1876. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Q.; Li, X.; Hassall, M. Evolutionary game analysis and stability control scenarios of coal mine safety inspection system in China based on system dynamics. Saf. Sci. 2015, 80, 13–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luo, E.; Xiang, S.; Yang, Y.; Narayan, S. A stochastic and time-delay evolutionary game of food safety regulation under central government punishment mechanism. Heliyon 2024, 10, e30126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Huang, X.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, N.; Sun, X. Evolution Game Analysis of Chemical Risk Supervision Based on Special Rectification and Normal Regulation Modes. Processes 2023, 11, 2072. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teng, Y.; Pang, B.; Wei, J.; Ma, L.; Yang, H.; Tian, Z. Behavioral decision-making of the government, farmer-specialized cooperatives, and farmers regarding the quality and safety of agricultural products. Front. Public Health 2022, 10, 920936. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, F.; Liu, C.; Zhang, J. China’s railway transportation safety regulation system based on evolutionary game theory and system dynamics. Risk Anal. 2020, 40, 1944–1966. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Authors and References | Safety Management Scenario | Subjects Involved | Game System Involved |
---|---|---|---|
Liu Q, et al. [36] | Coal mining safety | (1) State Administration of Coal Mine Safety (2) Local regulation departments of coal mine safety (3) Coal enterprises | Coal mining safety inspection game model. |
Luo E, et al. [37] | Food safety | (1) Government regulatory authorities (2) Production enterprises (3) Third-party testing agencies | Food safety management stochastic evolutionary game model. |
Wang X, et al. [38] | Chemical safety | (1) Chemical enterprises (2) Government regulators | Chemical safety supervision game model. |
Teng Y, et al. [39] | Agriculture safety | (1) The government (2) Farmers’ professional cooperatives (3) Farmers | Agriculture products’ quality and a safety game model. |
Feng F, et al. [40] | Railway transportation safety | (1) State Railway Administration (2) China Railway Corporation (3) The public | Railway transportation safety management game model. |
Parameter | Parameter Meaning | Parameter Range |
---|---|---|
C1 | The administrative costs to the industry operators of the fire management implemented by the fire management sector. | C1 > 0 |
C2 | The administrative costs to the industry operators of the fire management implemented by the industry management sector. | C2 > 0 |
C3 | The input costs of the industry operator to implement safe management and carry out the fire management of a place. | C3 > 0 |
G1 | The safety benefits obtained by the fire management sector from the implementation of fire management. | G1 > 0 |
G2 | The safety benefits obtained by the industry management sector from the implementation of fire management. | G2 > 0 |
A | The additional costs of undertaking joint fire management between the fire management sector and the industry management sector. | A > 0 |
M | The additional safety benefits of joint fire management between the fire management sector and the industry management sector. | M > 0 |
R | The public credibility benefits of the fire management sector and the industry management sector due to information disclosure. | R > 0 |
F1 | The punishment losses suffered by the industry operators due to the unsafe management of the industry management sector. | C1 > 0 |
F2 | The punishment losses suffered by the industry operators due to the unsafe management from the fire management sector. | C1 > 0 |
K | The joint punishment losses suffered by the industry operator due to the unsafe management from the fire management sector and the industry management sector. | C1 > 0 |
L | The reputation losses and additional operating losses of the industry operator due to the information disclosure of unsafe management behavior. | C1 > 0 |
W | The input costs suffered by the industry operator to repair credit and reputation. | C1 > 0 |
μ | The intensity of fire management of the fire management sector. | 0 ≤ μ ≤ 1 |
λ | The intensity of fire management of the industry management sector. | 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1 |
η | The intensity of fire management of the industry operator. | 0 ≤ η ≤ 1 |
β | The sharing level of fire information. | 0 ≤ β ≤ 1 |
α | The coverage range of fire information. | 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 |
θ | The disclosure degree of fire information. | 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1 |
Fire Management Sector | Industry Management Sector | Industry Operator | |
---|---|---|---|
Safe Management Strategy z | Unsafe Management Strategy 1 − z | ||
Positive joint management strategy, x | Positive joint management strategy, y | , | , |
, | , | ||
Negative joint management strategy, 1 − y | , | , | |
, | , | ||
Negative joint management strategy, 1 − x | Positive joint management strategy, y | , | , |
, | , | ||
Negative joint management strategy, 1 − y | , | , | |
, | , | ||
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Song, Y.; Liu, J. Exploring the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Mode Driven by Fire Information in China: From the Perspective of Organizational Interaction. Fire 2024, 7, 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070219
Song Y, Liu J. Exploring the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Mode Driven by Fire Information in China: From the Perspective of Organizational Interaction. Fire. 2024; 7(7):219. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070219
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Yuwei, and Jida Liu. 2024. "Exploring the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Mode Driven by Fire Information in China: From the Perspective of Organizational Interaction" Fire 7, no. 7: 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070219
APA StyleSong, Y., & Liu, J. (2024). Exploring the Cross-Sectoral Joint Fire Management Mode Driven by Fire Information in China: From the Perspective of Organizational Interaction. Fire, 7(7), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7070219