Proposed Design of Walk-Through Gate (WTG): Mitigating the Effect of COVID-19
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design of the Proposed Equipment
2.1. Proposed WTG Design
2.2. Proposed Design of Fragranced Hot Air
3. Cost Effectiveness and Applicability
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Heymann, D.L.; Shindo, N. COVID-19: What is next for public health? Lancet 2020, 395, 542–545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Koonin, L.M. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Now is the time to refresh pandemic plans. J. Bus. Contin. Emerg. Plan. 2020, 13, 1–15. [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization. Laboratory Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Suspected Human Cases: Interim Guidance, 2 March 2020; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Shi, H.; Han, X.; Jiang, N.; Cao, Y.; Alwalid, O.; Gu, J.; Fan, Y.; Zheng, C. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020, 20, 425–434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, S.; Hu, N.; Lou, J.; Chen, K.; Kang, X.; Xiang, Z.; Chen, H.; Wang, D.; Liu, N.; Liu, D.; et al. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J. Infect. 2020, 80, 401–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wong, J.; Goh, Q.Y.; Tan, Z.; Lie, S.A.; Tay, Y.C.; Ng, S.Y.; Soh, C.R. Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: A review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Can. J. Anesth. 2020, 67, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- He, X. Rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for plant protection and application technology in China. Outlooks Pest Manag. 2018, 29, 162–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussain, S.; Masud Cheema, M.J.; Arshad, M.; Ahmad, A.; Latif, M.A.; Ashraf, S.; Ahmad, S. Spray uniformity testing of unmanned aerial spraying system for precise agro-chemical applications. Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 2019, 56, 897–903. [Google Scholar]
- Jones, T. International Commercial Drone Regulation and Drone Delivery Services; RAND: Santa Monica, CA, USA, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Martinez-Guanter, J.; Agüera, P.; Agüera, J.; Pérez-Ruiz, M. Spray and economics assessment of a UAV-based ultra-low-volume application in olive and citrus orchards. Precis. Agric. 2020, 21, 226–243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, B.; Kraemer, M.U.; Gutierrez, B.; Mekaru, S.; Sewalk, K.; Loskill, A.; Wang, L.; Cohn, E.; Hill, S.; Zarebski, A. Open access epidemiological data from the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020, 20, 534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- You, C.; Deng, Y.; Hu, W.; Sun, J.; Lin, Q.; Zhou, F.; Pang, C.H.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhou, X.-H. Estimation of the Time-Varying Reproduction Number of COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2020, 228, 113555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, F.; Yu, T.; Du, R.; Fan, G.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Xiang, J.; Wang, Y.; Song, B.; Gu, X.; et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020, 395, 1054–1062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zu, Z.Y.; Jiang, M.D.; Xu, P.P.; Chen, W.; Ni, Q.Q.; Lu, G.M.; Zhang, L.J. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A perspective from China. Radiology 2020, 296, 200490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Anderson, R.M.; Heesterbeek, H.; Klinkenberg, D.; Hollingsworth, T.D. How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? Lancet 2020, 395, 931–934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burki, T. Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020, 20, 292–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Calisher, C.; Carroll, D.; Corley, R.B.; Daszak, P.; Drosten, C.; Enjuanes, L.; Farrar, J.; Field, H.; Golding, J.; Gorbalenya, A.; et al. Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19. Lancet 2020, 395, e42–e43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report, 51; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report, 72; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Cascella, M.; Rajnik, M.; Cuomo, A.; Dulebohn, S.C.; Di Napoli, R. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). In Statpearls [internet]; StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island, FL, USA, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report, 67; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, J.; Rudd, A.; Liu, R. Challenges and potential solutions of stroke care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Stroke 2020, 51, 1356–1357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shalev-Shwartz, S.; Shashua, A. Can We Contain Covid-19 without Locking-Down the Economy? Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM): Cambridge, MA, USA, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Jenkins, C. COVID-19: Look after people, not profits. Green Left Weekly 2020, 1257, 9. [Google Scholar]
- Remuzzi, A.; Remuzzi, G. COVID-19 and Italy: What next? Lancet 2020, 395, 1225–1228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, S.; Xia, S.; Ying, T.; Lu, L. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2020, 17, 554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zaman, C.; Meunier, B. Efficiency and Effectiveness of Measures to Combat the Coronavirus in Selected Countries. 2020. Available online: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3561616 (accessed on 21 September 2020).
- Gunnell, D.; Biddle, L. Suicide and the Media: Reporting Could Cost Lives; British Medical Journal Publishing Group: London, UK, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Lersch, K.M. Exploring the geography of suicide threats and suicide attempts: An application of Risk Terrain Modeling. Soc. Sci. Med. 2020, 249, 112860. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- World Health Organization. Cleaning and Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces in the Context of COVID-19: Interim Guidance, 15 May 2020; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Iqbal, M.M.; Abid, I.; Hussain, S.; Shahzad, N.; Waqas, M.S.; Iqbal, M.J. The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 739, 140101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Z.; Arshad, A.; Zhang, C.; Hussain, S.; Li, W. Unprecedented temporary reduction in global air pollution associated with COVID-19 forced confinement: A continental and city scale analysis. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arshad, A.; Hussain, S.; Saleem, F.; Shafeeque, M.; Khan, S.N.; Waqas, M.S. Unprecedented Reduction in Airborne Aerosol Particles and Nitrogen Dioxide Level in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown over the Indo-Pak. Region 2; Bio-Techne: Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), Situation Report–115, Data as Received by WHO from National Authorities by 10:00 CEST, 14 May 2020; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- El Majid, B.; Motahhir, S.; El Hammoumi, A.; Lebbadi, A.; El Ghzizal, A. Preliminary design of a smart wristband disinfectant to help in covid-19 fight. Inventions 2020, 5, 32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Junaidi, I. More Walk-Through Gates Could Help Prevent Spread of Coronavirus: Experts. 2020. Available online:https://www.dawn.com/news/1547605/more-walk-through-gates-could-help-prevent-spread-of-coronavirus-experts (accessed on 9 April 2020).
- El Majid, B.; El Hammoumi, A.; Motahhir, S.; Lebbadi, A.; El Ghzizal, A. Preliminary design of an innovative, simple, and easy-to-build portable ventilator for COVID-19 patients. Euro-Mediterr. J. Environ. Integr. 2020, 5, 1–4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hussain, S.; Cheema, M.J.M.; Motahhir, S.; Iqbal, M.M.; Arshad, A.; Waqas, M.S.; Usman Khalid, M.; Malik, S. Proposed Design of Walk-Through Gate (WTG): Mitigating the Effect of COVID-19. Appl. Syst. Innov. 2020, 3, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3030041
Hussain S, Cheema MJM, Motahhir S, Iqbal MM, Arshad A, Waqas MS, Usman Khalid M, Malik S. Proposed Design of Walk-Through Gate (WTG): Mitigating the Effect of COVID-19. Applied System Innovation. 2020; 3(3):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3030041
Chicago/Turabian StyleHussain, Saddam, Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema, Saad Motahhir, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Arfan Arshad, Muhammad Sohail Waqas, Muhammad Usman Khalid, and Saba Malik. 2020. "Proposed Design of Walk-Through Gate (WTG): Mitigating the Effect of COVID-19" Applied System Innovation 3, no. 3: 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi3030041