Obsidian Technology and Transport Along the Archipelago of Southernmost South America (42–56° S)
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. West Patagonia
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Obsidian Petrology and Sources
Element | Seno Otway | Chaitén Volcano |
---|---|---|
Ti | 763 ± 73 | 985 ± 89 |
Mn | 252 ± 21 | 548 ± 58 |
Cs | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 8.6 ± 0.8 |
Rb | 170 ± 18 | 127 ± 12 |
Sr | 22 ± 3 | 148 ± 16 |
Ba | 102 ± 12 | 650 ± 62 |
Y | 37 ± 4 | 13 ± 2 |
Zr | 132 ± 12 | 88 ± 10 |
Nb | 37 ± 4 | 9 ± 1 |
Hf | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
Th | 22.9 ± 2.9 | 15.8 ± 1.8 |
U | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.5 |
La | 29.6 ± 3.0 | 28.3 ± 3.0 |
Ce | 66.1 ± 6.9 | 49.5 ± 5.1 |
Pr | 7.98 ± 0.92 | 4.49 ± 0.63 |
Nd | 29.2 ± 3.1 | 18.3 ± 2.0 |
Sm | 6.74 ± 0.71 | 2.96 ± 0.31 |
Eu | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.06 |
Gd | 8.8 ± 0.91 | 2.89 ± 0.31 |
Tb | 1.15 ± 0.20 | 0.36 ± 0.04 |
Dy | 6.75 ± 0.71 | 2.02 ± 0.22 |
Ho | 1.34 ± 0.15 | 0.35 ± 0.04 |
Er | 4.16 ± 0.44 | 1.21 ± 0.14 |
Tm | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.11 ± 0.02 |
Yb | 4.04 ± 0.41 | 1.41 ± 0.15 |
Lu | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.03 |
La/Yb | 7.3 | 20.1 |
(87Sr/86Sr) | 0.7051 | 0.7059 |
4.2. Spatial Distribution and Chronology
4.3. Techno-Economic Characteristics
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Gallotti, R.; Mussi, M. The unknown Oldowan: ~1.7-million-year-old standardized obsidian small tools from garba IV, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0145101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takakura, J. Rethinking the disappearance of microblade technology in the terminal pleistocene of Hokkaido, Northern Japan: Looking at archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence. Quaternary 2020, 3, 21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tykot, R.H. Obsidian in prehistory. In Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture; Richet, P., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2021; pp. 1237–1248. [Google Scholar]
- Muşkara, Ü.; Konak, A. Characterization of the obsidian used in the chipped stone industry in Kendale Hecala. Quaternary 2022, 5, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kuzmin, Y.V.; Oppenheimer, C.; Renfrew, C. Global perspectives on obsidian studies in archaeology. Quat. Int. 2020, 542, 41–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kasztovszky, Z.; Maróti, B.; Harsányi, I.; Párkányi, D.; Szilágyi, V. A comparative study of PGAA and portable XRF used for non-destructive provenancing archaeological obsidian. Quat. Int. 2018, 468, 179–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suda, Y.; Tsuchiya, M.; Hashizume, J.; Oyokawa, M. Chemical discrimination of obsidian sources in the Kirigamine area and provenance analysis of obsidian artifacts from the Hiroppara prehistoric sites I and II, central Japan. Quat. Int. 2018, 468, 72–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glascock, M.D. Obsidian Provenance Research in the Americas. Accounts Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 611–617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Belardi, J.B.; Cassiodoro, G.; Goñi, R.; Glascock, M.D.; Súnico, A. Siltstone from Southern Patagonia: Its Source and Archaeological Artifact Distribution in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Geoarchaeology 2015, 30, 223–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ditchfield, K.; Huntley, J.; Ward, I.; Webb, J.; Doelman, T.; Kurpiel, R. Sourcing stone and ochre artifacts: A review of why it matters in Australia (and beyond). In Sourcing Archeological Lithic Assemblages: New Perspectives and Integrated Approaches; Speer, C., Parish, R.M., Barrientos, G., Eds.; University of Utah Press: Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 2023; pp. 52–67. [Google Scholar]
- Jesse, F.; Hollerbach, R.; Schröder, A.; Wennrich, V. The signature of the stones: pXRF studies on prehistoric axes from the Eastern Sahara. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 2023, 49, 104028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pitulko, V.V.; Kuzmin, Y.V.; Glascock, M.D.; Pavlova, E.Y.; Grebennikov, A.V. ‘They came from the ends of the earth’: Long-distance exchange of obsidian in the High Arctic during the Early Holocene. Antiquity 2019, 93, 28–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weisler, M.; Clague, D. Characterization of archaeological volcanic glass from oceania: The utility of three techniques. In Archaeological Obsidian Studies: Method and Theory; Shackley, M.S., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York, NY, USA, 1998; pp. 103–128. [Google Scholar]
- Bednarik, R.G. Seafaring in the Pleistocene. Camb. Archaeol. J. 2003, 13, 41–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paunero, R. The Cerro Tres Tetas (C3T) locality in the Central Plateau of Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina. In Where the South Winds Blow. Ancient Evidence of Paleo South Americans; Miotti, L., Salemme, M., Flegenheimer, N., Eds.; Center for the Study of the First Americans: College Station, TX, USA, 2003; pp. 133–140. [Google Scholar]
- Stern, C.R. Obsidian sources and distribution in Patagonia, southernmost South America. Quat. Int. 2018, 468, 190–205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Espinosa, S.; Goñi, R. Viven: Una fuente de obsidiana en la provincia de Santa Cruz. In Soplando en el Viento, Actas de Las III Jornadas de Arqueología de la Patagonia; Belardi, J.B., Fernández, P.M., Goñi, R., Guráieb, A.G., Nigris, M.D., Eds.; Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999; pp. 177–188. [Google Scholar]
- Pallo, M.C.; Borrero, L.A. Intercambio o movilidad? Una evaluación sobre el uso de escalas de análisis espaciales y curvas de declinación en Patagonia Centro-Meridional (Argentina). Lat. Am. Antiq. 2015, 26, 287–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- San Román, M.; Reyes, O.; Morello, F.; Torres, J. Archaeology of maritime hunter-gatherers from Southernmost Patagonia, South America: Discussing timing, changes and cultural traditions during the holocene. In Marine Ventures: Archaeological Perspectives on Human–Sea Relations; Bjerck, H.B., Breivik, H.M., Fretheim, S.E., Piana, E.L., Skar, B., Tivoli, A.M., Zangrando, A.F., Eds.; Equinox eBooks Publishing: London, UK, 2016; pp. 157–174. [Google Scholar]
- Lomnitz, C. Major earthquakes and tsunamis in Chile during the period 1535 to 1955. Geol. Rundsch. 1970, 59, 938–960. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McCulloch, R.D.; Bentley, M.J.; Tipping, R.M.; Clapperton, C.M. Evidence for late-glacial ice dammed lakes in the central strait of Magellan and Bahía Inútil, southernmost South America. Geogr. Ann. Phys. Geogr. 2005, 87, 335–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Orquera, L.A.; Legoupil, D.; Piana, E.L. Littoral adaptation at the southern end of South America. Quat. Int. 2011, 239, 61–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cooper, J. The Chono. In Handbook of South American Indians: The Marginal Tribes; Steward, J., Ed.; Smithsonian Institution: Washington, DC, USA, 1946; Volume 1, pp. 47–54. [Google Scholar]
- Darwin, C. The Voyage of the Beagle; Barnes and Noble: New York, NY, USA, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- Emperaire, J. Los Nómades del Mar; Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile: Santiago, Chile, 1963. [Google Scholar]
- Gusinde, M. Die Feuerland-Indianer: Die Yamana; Fines Mundi GmbH Saarbrücken: Mödling, Austria, 1937. [Google Scholar]
- Legoupil, D. Cazadores-Recolectores de Ponsonby (Patagonia Austral) y Su Paleoambiente Desde VI al III Milenio A.C.; Magallania: Punta Arenas, Chile, 2003. [Google Scholar]
- Legoupil, D.; Fontugne, M. El poblamiento marítimo en los archipiélagos de Patagonia: Núcleos antiguos y dispersión reciente. An. Inst. Patagon. Ser. Cienc. Humanas 1997, 25, 75–87. [Google Scholar]
- Piana, E.L.; Zangrando, A.F.; Orquera, L.A. Early occupations in Tierra del Fuego and the evidence from layer S at the Imiwaia I site (Beagle channel, Argentina). In Southbound Late Pleistocene Peopling of Latin America; Miotti, L., Salemme, M., Flegenheimer, N., Goebel, T., Eds.; Center for the Study of the First Americans: College Station, TX, USA, 2012; pp. 171–175. [Google Scholar]
- Reyes, O.; Méndez, C.; San Román, M. Cronología de la ocupación humana en los canales septentrionales de Patagonia Occidental, Chile. Intersecc. Antropol. 2019, 20, 87–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Piana, E.L.; Orquera, L.A. Shellmidden formation at the Beagle channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentine). In Monumental Questions: Prehistoric Megaliths, Mounds and Enclosures; Calado, D., Baldía, M., Boulanger, M., Eds.; Archaeopress: Oxford, UK, 2010; pp. 263–271. [Google Scholar]
- Reyes, O.; Tessone, A.; Belmar, C.; San Román, M.; Morello, F.; Moraga, M.; Urbina, X. Cambios y continuidades en la subsistencia e interacción entre sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras marinas y agro-alfareras durante el Holoceno tardío en el Archipiélago Septentrional), Patagonia, Chile. Lat. Am. Antiq. 2023, 34, 497–514. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- San Román, M. Sitios arqueológicos de isla Englefield, mar de Otway: Nuevas evidencias de discontinuidad cultural en el proceso de poblamiento marítimo de Patagonia meridional. In Tendencias Teórico-Metodológicas y Casos de Estudio en la Arqueología de la Patagonia; Zangrando, A.F., Barberena, R., Gil, A., Neme, G., Giardina, M., Luna, L., Otaola, C., Paulides, S., Salgán, L., Tivoli, A., Eds.; Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael-Sociedad Argentina de Antropología-Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2013; pp. 523–534. [Google Scholar]
- Moreno, P.I.; Méndez, C.; Henríquez, C.A.; Fercovic, E.I.; Videla, J.; Reyes, O.; Villacís, L.A.; Villa-Martínez, R.; Alloway, B.V. Fires and rates of change in the temperate rainforests of northwestern Patagonia since ∼18 ka. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2023, 300, 107899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zangrando, A.F.J.; Tivoli, A.M.; Ponce, J.F.; Alunni, D.V.; Ropero, M.D.C.F.; Martinoli, M.P. Colonización humana de Tierra del Fuego: Contextos arqueológicos pretransgresivos en la costa norte del canal Beagle. Chungara Rev. Antropol. Chil. 2022, 54, 557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ortiz-Troncoso, O. Los yacimientos de Punta Santa Ana y Bahía Buena (Patagonia austral). Excavaciones y fechados radiocarbónicos. An. Inst. Patagon. Ser. Cienc. Humanas 1975, 7, 93–122. [Google Scholar]
- Ortiz-Troncoso, O. Ancestros de los pescadores australes (9000 a. C. a ca. 1500 d. C.). In Culturas de Chile Prehistoria. Desde sus Orígenes Hasta los Albores de la Conquista; Hidalgo, J., Schiappacasse, V., Niemeyer, H., Aldunate, C., Solimano, I., Eds.; Andrés Bello: Santiago, Chile, 1989; pp. 367–379. [Google Scholar]
- Porter, C. GUA-010, un sitio costero erosionado en una zona sísmica activa. In Actas del XII Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Chilena; Sociedad Chilena de Arqueología, Ed.; Boletín del Museo Regional de la Araucanía: Temuco, Chile, 1993; Volume 1, pp. 81–88. [Google Scholar]
- Ramos, V.A. Seismic ridge subduction and topography: Foreland deformation in the Patagonian Andes. Tectonophysics 2005, 399, 73–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Naranjo, J.A.; Stern, C.R. Holocene tephrochronology of the southernmost part (42°30′-45°S) of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. Rev. Geol. Chile 2004, 31, 224–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davies, B.J.; Darvill, C.M.; Lovell, H.; Bendle, J.M.; Dowdeswell, J.A.; Fabel, D.; García, J.L.; Geiger, A.; Glasser, N.F.; Gheorghiu, D.M.; et al. The evolution of the Patagonian Ice Sheet from 35 ka to the present day (PATICE). Earth Sci. Rev. 2020, 204, 103152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Isla, F.I. Holocene sea-level fluctuation in the southern hemisphere. Quat. Sci. Rev. 1989, 8, 359–368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lambeck, K.; Esat, T.M.; Potter, E.K. Links between climate and sea levels for the past three million years. Nature 2002, 419, 199–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McCulloch, R.D.; Blaikie, J.; Jacob, B.; Mansilla, C.A.; Morello, F.; De Pol-Holz, R.; San Román, M.; Tisdall, E.; Torres, J. Late glacial and Holocene climate variability, southernmost Patagonia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2020, 229, 106131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moreno, P.I.; Denton, G.H.; Moreno, H.; Lowell, T.V.; Putnam, A.E.; Kaplan, M.R. Radiocarbon chronology of the last glacial maximum and its termination in northwestern Patagonia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2015, 122, 233–249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garreaud, R.D. The Andes climate and weather. Adv. Geosci. 2009, 22, 3–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luebert, F.; Pliscoff, P. Sinopsis Bioclimática y Vegetacional de Chile; Editorial Universitaria: Santiago, Chile, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Mansilla, C.A.; McCulloch, R.D.; Morello, F. The vulnerability of the Nothofagus forest-steppe ecotone to climate change: Palaeoecological evidence from Tierra del Fuego (~53° S). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2018, 508, 59–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morello Repetto, F.; San Román Bontes, M.; Iglesias, A.P.; Stern, C. Nuevos antecedentes para una discusión arqueológica en torno a la obsidiana verde en Patagonia Meridional. An. Inst. Patagon. Ser. Cienc. Humanas 2001, 29, 129–148. [Google Scholar]
- Reyes, O. The Settlement of the Chonos Archipelago, Western Patagonia, Chile; Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- San Román, M.; Prieto, A. (Dis)continuidad del uso de obsidiana verde entre poblaciones de adaptación marítima del mar de Otway y estrecho de Magallanes. In Contra Viento y Marea. Arqueología de Patagonia; Civalero, M.T., Fernández, P.M., Guráieb, A.G., Eds.; Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano-Sociedad Argentina de Antropología: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004; pp. 571–580. [Google Scholar]
- Méndez, C.; Stern, C.R.; Delaunay, A.N.; Reyes, O.; Gutiérrez, F.; Mena, F. Spatial and temporal distributions of exotic and local obsidians in Central Western Patagonia, southernmost South America. Quat. Int. 2018, 468, 155–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morello, F.; Stern, C.; San Román, M. Obsidiana verde en Tierra del Fuego y Patagonia: Caracterización, distribución y problemáticas culturales a lo largo del Holoceno. Intersecc. Antropol. 2015, 16, 139–153. [Google Scholar]
- Saadat, S.; Stern, C.R. Petrochemistry and genesis of olivine basalts from small monogenetic parasitic cones of Bazman stratovolcano, Makran arc, southeastern Iran. Lithos 2011, 125, 607–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stern, C.R.; Navarro, X.; Muñoz, J. Obsidiana gris translúcida del volcán Chaitén en los sitios arqueológicos de Quilo (Isla Grande de Chiloé) y Chanchán (X Región), Chile, y obsidiana del Mioceno en Chiloé. An. Inst. Patagon. Ser. Cienc. Humanas 2002, 30, 167–174. [Google Scholar]
- Dilaria, S.; Ricci, G.; Secco, M.; Beltrame, C.; Costa, E.; Giovanardi, T.; Bonetto, J.; Artioli, G. Vitruvian binders in Venice: First evidence of Phlegraean pozzolans in an underwater Roman construction in the Venice Lagoon. PLoS ONE 2024, 19, e0313917. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Santi, P.; Renzulli, A.; Bell, M. The volcanic millstones from the archaeological site of Morgantina (Sicily): Provenance and evolution of the milling techniques in the Mediterranean area. Archaeometry 2015, 57, 803–821. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amigo, Á.; Lara, L.E.; Smith, V.C. Holocene record of large explosive eruptions from Chaitén and Michinmahuida Volcanoes, Chile. Andean Geol. 2013, 40, 227–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sierralta Navarro, S.G.; Cortés Rodríguez, C.; Rojas Castillo, C.; Urbina Araya, S. Obsidiana riolítica del Chaitén: La fuente y su circulación en los Archipiélagos Patagónicos Septentrionales (41–47° S). Intersecc. Antropol. 2025, 26, 207–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stern, C.R. Obsidian in southern Patagonia: Review of the current information. In Contra Viento y Marea Arqueología de Patagonia; Civalero, M.T., Fernandez, M.P., Guraieb, G., Eds.; Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004; pp. 167–176. [Google Scholar]
- Fernández, M.V.; Leal, P.R. Determining the provenance of obsidian in Southern Patagonia using optical properties. Archaeometry 2014, 56, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Labarca, R.; Calás, E.; Letelier, J.; Alloway, B.; Holmberg, K. Arqueología en el Morro Vilcún (Comuna de Chaitén, Región de Los Lagos, Chile): Síntesis y Perspectivas. Bol. Soc. Chil. Arqueol. 2021, 499–520. [Google Scholar]
- Pino, M.; Navarro, R.X. Geoarqueología del sitio arcaico Chan-Chan 18, costa de Valdivia: Discriminación de ambientes de ocupación humana y su relación con la transgresión marina del Holoceno Medio. Rev. Geol. Chile 2005, 32, 59–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rebolledo, S.; Delgado, A.; Kelly, P.; Sierralta, S.; Bravo, G.; Hernández, D.; Cortés, C. Chepu 005: Aproximaciones desde el análisis de colecciones a las comunidades cazadoras recolectoras de Chiloé. Bol. Soc. Chil. Arqueol. 2021, 465–497. [Google Scholar]
- Reyes, O.; Belmar, C.; San Román, M.; Morello, F.; Urbina, X. Avances en la secuencia cronológica del mar interior de Chiloé, Patagonia occidental: Sitios arqueológicos San Juan 1, Tauco 1 y 2. Magallania 2020, 48, 173–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sierralta Navarro, S.; Delgado Orellana, A.; Rebolledo Canales, S.; Cortés Rodríguez, C.; Carrión Méndez, H.; Hernández Castillo, D.; González Rojas, R.; Dávila Contreras, C.; Inostrosa Rojas, H.; Roa Solís, C. Poblamiento litoral de los archipiélagos patagónicos septentrionales: Cronología y estratigrafía de Puente Quilo-1, Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile. Lat. Am. Antiq. 2024, 35, 72–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reyes, O.; Román, M.S.; Morello, F. Searching for maritime hunter-gatherer archaeological record in the shifting shorelines of the south Pacific coast (Chonos and Guaitecas archipelago, Chile). In Marine Ventures: Archaeological Perspectives on Human–Sea Relations; Bjerck, H.B., Breivik, H.M., Fretheim, S.E., Piana, E.L., Skar, B., Tivoli, A.M., Zangrando, A.F., Eds.; Equinox eBooks Publishing: London, UK, 2016; pp. 137–151. [Google Scholar]
- Reyes, O.; Méndez, C.; San Roman, M.; Cardenas, P.; Velasquez, H.; Trejo, V.; Morello, F.; Stern, C. Seno Gala 1: Nuevos resultados en la arqueología de los canales septentrionales (~44° S, región de Aisén, Chile). Magallania 2007, 35, 105–119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Campbell, R.; Stern, C.R.; Peñaloza, Á. Obsidian in archaeological sites on Mocha Island, southern Chile: Implications of its provenience. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 2017, 13, 617–624. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stern, C.R.; Caracotche, S.; Cruz, I.; Charlin, J. Obsidiana gris porfírica calco-alcalina del volcán Chaitén en sitios arqueológicos al sur del río Santa Cruz, Patagonoa meridional. Magallania 2012, 40, 137–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Caracotche, M.S.; Cruz, I.; Espinosa, S.; Marina, F.C.; Belardi, J.B. Rescate arqueológico en el Parque Nacional Monte León (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Magallania 2005, 33, 143–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Charlin, J. Aprovisionamiento, circulación y explotación de obsidianas durante el Holoceno Tardío en Pali Aike (provincia de Santa Cruz). Relac. Soc. Argent. Antropol. 2009, 34, 53–74. [Google Scholar]
- Caracotche, M.S.; Muñoz, A.S.; Mastrángelo, D.S.C.; Lobbia, P.A. Yegua quemada 3: Un depósito arqueológico del holoceno medio en el Parque Nacional Monte León (Patagonia, Argentina). Magallania 2017, 45, 165–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schidlowsky, V. Les Premiers Chasseurs Maritimes et les Chasseurs Terrestres de Patagonie Australe; BAR International Series: Oxford, NY, USA, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Huidobro, C. Métodos de Reducción Bifacial del Norte de Tierra del Fuego Durante el Holoceno Medio y Tardío; Universidad de Chile: Santiago, Chile, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Oría, J.; Salemme, M.C.; Fernando, C.S. Obsidiana verde en la Estepa Fueguina: Un hallazgo en Amalia 4. Magallania 2010, 38, 231–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Orquera, L.A.; Piana, E.L. Sea nomads of the Beagle channel in southernmost South America: Over six thousand years of coastal adaptation and stability. J. Isl. Coast. Archaeol. 2009, 4, 61–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Álvarez, M. La explotación de recursos líticos en las ocupaciones tempranas del canal Beagle: El caso de Túnel I. In Desde el País de los Gigantes Perspectivas Arqueologicas en Patagonia; Belardi, J.B., Marina, F.C., Espinosa, S., Eds.; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral: Río Gallegos, Argentina, 2000; pp. 73–85. [Google Scholar]
- Legoupil, D. El archipiélago del Cabo de Hornos y la costa sur de la isla Navarino: Poblamiento y modelos económicos. An. Inst. Patagon. Ser. Cienc. Humanas 1993, 22, 101–121. [Google Scholar]
- Bird, J. Viajes y Arqueología en Chile Austral; Ediciones de la Universidad de Magallanes: Punta Arenas, Chile, 1993. [Google Scholar]
- Morello, F. L’industrie Lithique de Part et d’autre du Détroit de Magellan en Patagonie et Terre de Feu: Dynamiques Techno-Culturelles du Peuplement Durant l’Holocene; Université Paris 1 Pantheón Sorbonne: Paris, France, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Prieto, A.; Stern, C.R.; Estévez, J.E. The peopling of the Fuego-Patagonian fjords by littoral hunter–gatherers after the mid-Holocene H1 eruption of Hudson Volcano. Quat. Int. 2013, 317, 3–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Inizan, M.L.; Reduron, M.; Roche, H.; Tixier, J. Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone (J. Féblot-Augustins, Trans.); Cercle de Recherches et d’Études Préhistoriques: Nantere, France, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Huidobro, C. Points or knives? The multiple sides of bifaces in the Bahía Colorada Site, Englefield Island, Southernmost Patagonia. In Beyond Use-Wear Traces. Going from Tools to People by Means of Archaeological Wear and Residue Analyses; Beyries, S., Hamon, C., Maigrot, Y., Eds.; Sidestone Press: Leiden, Netherlands, 2021; pp. 281–292. [Google Scholar]
- Legoupil, D. Los Cazadores de Mamíferos Marinos Tempranos de la Isla Englefield (Patagonia Austral); Universidad de Magallanes: Punta Arenas, Chile, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Schidlowsky, V. Comportements Techno-Économiques et Identité Culturelle des Premiers Chasseurs Maritimes et des Chasseurs Terrestres de Patagonie Australe; Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne: Paris, France, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Morello, F.; Torres, J.; Martínez, I.; Rodríguez, K.; Arroyo-Kalin, M.; French, C.; Sierpe, V.; San Román, M. Arqueología de la Punta Santa Ana: Recontrucción de secuencias de ocupación de cazadores-recolectores marinos del Estrecho de Magallanes, Patagonia Austral, Chile. Magallania 2012, 40, 129–149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ortiz-Troncoso, O. Aspectos arqueológicos de la península de Brunswick. An. Inst. Patagon. Ser. Cienc. Humanas 1973, 4, 109–130. [Google Scholar]
- Pigeot, N. Les techniques de taille. In Punta Baja Ethno-Archéologie dans les Archipels de Patagonie: Les Nomads Marins de Punta Baja; Legoupil, D., Ed.; Mémoire de l’ADPF, Recherches sur les Civilisations: Paris, France, 1989; pp. 130–151. [Google Scholar]
Ocean | Locality | Site | Latitude | Age (cal BP) | Obsidian Type | N. Obsidian Artifacts | % Obsidian |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pacific | Valdivia | Chan Chan | 39°31′ S | 6420–6250 | Chaitén V. | N/D | N/D |
Pacific | Chiloé Island | Puente Quilo 1 SU 1–2 | 41°52′ S | 5400–4200 | Chaitén V. | Present | 4.0% |
Pacific | Chiloé Island | Puente Quilo 1 SU 3–6 | 41°52′ S | 4200–2900 | Chaitén V. | Present | 4.3% |
Pacific | Chiloé Island | Chepu 005 | 42°03′ S | 6260–1355 | Chaitén V. | N/D | 2.7–5.0% |
Pacific | Chiloé Island | San Juan 1 | 42°20′ S | 5840–480 | Chaitén V. | N/D | 81.0% |
Pacific | Santa Bárbara, Chaitén | Cueva Alta Morro Vilcún | 42°50′ S | 2150–2000 | Chaitén V. | 2 | 6.0% |
Pacific | Santa Bárbara, Chaitén | Cueva Grande Morro Vilcún | 42°50′ S | 730–320 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Santa Bárbara, Chaitén | Cueva Mediana Morro Vilcún | 42°50′ S | 280–160 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Guaitecas Archipelago | Alero Low | 43°50′ S | 2000–350 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Guaitecas Archipelago | GUA-010 Terraza | 43°51′ S | 6210–5990 | Chaitén V. | N/D | 7.0% |
Pacific | Guaitecas Archipelago | Gran Guaiteca 1 | 43°51′ S | 720–530 | Chaitén V. | 2 | N/D |
Pacific | Guaitecas Archipelago | Gran Guaiteca 2 Terraza | 43°51′ S | 4430–4240 | Chaitén V. | 2 | N/D |
Pacific | Guaitecas Archipelago | Isla Solitaria | 43°52′ S | 630–530 | Chaitén V. | N/D | N/D |
Pacific | Gala Sound | Seno Gala 1 (intertidal scatter) | 44°08′ S | N/D | Chaitén V. | N/D | N/D |
Pacific | Traiguén Island | Nahuelquín 1 (intertidal scatter) | 45°28′ S | N/D | Chaitén V. | 1 | N/D |
Pacific | Traiguén Island | Isla Acuao 1 | 45°39′ S | N/D | Chaitén V. | 2 | 25.0% |
Pacific | Traiguén Island | Posa las Conchillas (intertidal scatter) | 45°40′ S | N/D | Chaitén V. | N/D | N/D |
Pacific | Goñi Island | Isla Goñi 1 | 45°55′ S | 4580–4420 | Chaitén V. | 328 | 99.0% |
Pacific | Goñi Island | Isla Goñi 2 (intertidal scatter) | 45°55′ S | N/D | Chaitén V. | 4 | 80.0% |
Mainland | Charles Fuhr | Lago Argentino | 50°15′ S | Late Holocene | S. Otway | N/D | N/D |
Atlantic | Monte León National Park | Cabeza de León | 50°16′ S | N/D | S. Otway | 7 | 2.0% |
Atlantic | Monte León National Park | Área de acampe (CONC10) | 50°21′ S | N/D | S. Otway | 3 | 0.5% |
Atlantic | Monte León National Park | Yegua Quemada 3 | 50°24′ S | 6800–6000 | Chaitén V. & S. Otway | 1 & 18 | 1.0% & 18.6% |
Mainland | Pali Aike | Fell’s Cave | 52°05′ S | 13,000-recent | S. Otway | 11 | 0.4–1.0% |
Mainland | Pali Aike | Pali Aike | 52°07′ S | N/D | S. Otway. | 11 | 0.3% |
Mainland | Laguna Blanca | Cañadon Leona | 52°24′ S | Late Holocene | S. Otway | 14 | 0.3% |
Pacific | Skyring Sea | Bahía Rebolledo 29 | 52°37′ S | 5840–4930 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Riesco Island | Ponsonby | 52°39′ S | N/D | S. Otway | 14 | 0.5% |
Pacific | Englefield Island, Otway Sea | Bahía Colorada | 53°05′ S | 6620-6410 | S. Otway | >4000 | 88.0% |
Pacific | Englefield Island, Otway Sea | Englefield | 53°05′ S | 7170–6670 | S. Otway | >2000 | 96.0% |
Pacific | Englefield Island, Otway Sea | Pizzulic 2 | 53°05′ S | 6870–6760 | S. Otway | 1171 | 80.0% |
Pacific | Englefield Island, Otway Sea | Pizzulic 3 | 53°05′ S | 4410–4150 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Englefield Island, Otway Sea | Pizzulic 4 | 53°05′ S | 860–840 | S. Otway | 2533 | 99.0% |
Pacific | Otway Sea | Camden 2 | 53°07′ S | 3390–2970 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Otway Sea | Punta Baja | 53°13′ S | Historic | S. Otway | 2537 | 95.2% |
Pacific | Tierra del Fuego Island | Marazzi 1 | 53°29′ S | 6600–6000 | S. Otway | 1 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Tierra del Fuego Island | Marazzi 13 | 53°29′ S | 4420–4150 | S. Otway | 1 | 8.3% |
Pacific | Magellan Strait | Kilómetro 44 Sur | 53°31′ S | 3240–2880 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Mainland | Tierra del Fuego Island | Amalia 4 | 53°36′ S | N/D | S. Otway | 1 | 0.8% |
Pacific | Magellan Strait | Punta Santa Ana 1 | 53°38′ S | 7320–7020 | S. Otway | 52 | 43.0% |
Pacific | Magellan Strait | Punta Santa Ana 2 | 53°38′ S | 2880–2700 | None | 0 | 0.0% |
Pacific | Magellan Strait | Punta Santa Ana 3 | 53°38′ S | 860–620 | S. Otway | N/D | 5.4% |
Pacific | Magellan Strait | Bahía Buena | 53°40′ S | 6650–5930 | S. Otway | N/D | 97.0% |
Pacific | Dawson Island | Offing 2 Locus 2 | 53°54′ S | 930–670 | S. Otway | 3 | 0.3% |
Atlantic | Beagle Channel | Túnel I (2nd component) | 54°55′ S | 7570–4870 | S. Otway | N/D | <0.03% |
Pacific | Navarino Island | Grandi 1 | 55°14′ S | 7170–6740 | S. Otway | 1 | N/D |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Méndez, C.; Morello, F.; Reyes, O.; San Román, M.; Nuevo-Delaunay, A.; Stern, C.R. Obsidian Technology and Transport Along the Archipelago of Southernmost South America (42–56° S). Quaternary 2025, 8, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat8030039
Méndez C, Morello F, Reyes O, San Román M, Nuevo-Delaunay A, Stern CR. Obsidian Technology and Transport Along the Archipelago of Southernmost South America (42–56° S). Quaternary. 2025; 8(3):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat8030039
Chicago/Turabian StyleMéndez, César, Flavia Morello, Omar Reyes, Manuel San Román, Amalia Nuevo-Delaunay, and Charles R. Stern. 2025. "Obsidian Technology and Transport Along the Archipelago of Southernmost South America (42–56° S)" Quaternary 8, no. 3: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat8030039
APA StyleMéndez, C., Morello, F., Reyes, O., San Román, M., Nuevo-Delaunay, A., & Stern, C. R. (2025). Obsidian Technology and Transport Along the Archipelago of Southernmost South America (42–56° S). Quaternary, 8(3), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat8030039