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Volume 89
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10.5603/ARM.a2021.0033
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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.
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Article

Comparison of Toxin-Antitoxin Expression among Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

by
Hossein Kazemian
1,2,†,
Hamid Heidari
3,†,
Jalil Kardan-Yamchi
4,
Sobhan Ghafourian
1,2,
Iraj Pakzad
1,2,
Ebrahim Kouhsari
5,
Hasan Valadbeigi
1 and
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
1,2,*
1
Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Banganjab, Ilam, Iran
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
4
Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors.
Adv. Respir. Med. 2021, 89(2), 110-114; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0033
Submission received: 18 November 2020 / Revised: 2 April 2021 / Accepted: 2 April 2021 / Published: 30 April 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a significant global public health threat. Besides extensive multidrug resistance, MTB possesses several properties for long-term viability in the host as well as stress adaptation and resistance in harsh conditions. The role of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in disseminating and maintaining antimicrobial resistance in bacterial populations has also been demonstrated. This study aimed to evaluate differences in expression of MazEF (a well-known TA system) related genes (mazE3, mazF3, mazE6, and mazF6) amongst drug-susceptible and resistant MTB isolates in Iran. Material and methods: A total of 20 confirmed clinical isolates of MTB including 10 drug-susceptible and 10 drug-resistant (nine MDR, and one XDR) species were included in this study. M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used as the standard strain. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and relative quantitative real-time PCR were performed according to the standard procedures. Results: Our analysis indicated significant enhanced expression of the mazE6 antitoxin gene in drug-susceptible isolates compared to drug-resistant isolates and the standard strain. The expression of the mazF6 toxin gene was also increased in drug-susceptible isolates compared with the standard strain. In drug-resistant isolates, the expression levels of mazF3 and mazF6 genes were significantly higher than that in the susceptible isolates and the standard strain. Conclusions: In this study, there was significant overexpression of mazE6 in drug-susceptible isolates. As well, mazF3 and F6 were overexpressed in drug-resistant isolates when compared with the standard strain. The changes in expression levels of MazEF6 associated genes were greater than that of MazEF3 in both groups of isolates.
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; toxin-antitoxin system; MazEF; gene expression Mycobacterium tuberculosis; toxin-antitoxin system; MazEF; gene expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kazemian, H.; Heidari, H.; Kardan-Yamchi, J.; Ghafourian, S.; Pakzad, I.; Kouhsari, E.; Valadbeigi, H.; Sadeghifard, N. Comparison of Toxin-Antitoxin Expression among Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Adv. Respir. Med. 2021, 89, 110-114. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0033

AMA Style

Kazemian H, Heidari H, Kardan-Yamchi J, Ghafourian S, Pakzad I, Kouhsari E, Valadbeigi H, Sadeghifard N. Comparison of Toxin-Antitoxin Expression among Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2021; 89(2):110-114. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0033

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazemian, Hossein, Hamid Heidari, Jalil Kardan-Yamchi, Sobhan Ghafourian, Iraj Pakzad, Ebrahim Kouhsari, Hasan Valadbeigi, and Nourkhoda Sadeghifard. 2021. "Comparison of Toxin-Antitoxin Expression among Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis" Advances in Respiratory Medicine 89, no. 2: 110-114. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0033

APA Style

Kazemian, H., Heidari, H., Kardan-Yamchi, J., Ghafourian, S., Pakzad, I., Kouhsari, E., Valadbeigi, H., & Sadeghifard, N. (2021). Comparison of Toxin-Antitoxin Expression among Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Advances in Respiratory Medicine, 89(2), 110-114. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0033

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