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Volume 89
Issue 2
10.5603/ARM.a2021.0012
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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.
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Article

Risk Factors for Acute Exacerbation Following Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

by
Mitsuhiro Abe
1,*,
Kenji Tsushima
2,
Daisuke Ishii
1,
Kohei Shikano
1,
Keiichiro Yoshioka
1,
Masashi Sakayori
1,
Masaki Suzuki
1,
Yasutaka Hirasawa
1,2,
Tsukasa Ishiwata
1,
Takeshi Kawasaki
1,
Jun Ikari
1,
Jiro Terada
1,2 and
Koichiro Tatsumi
1
1
Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
2
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Adv. Respir. Med. 2021, 89(2), 101-109; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0012
Submission received: 14 November 2020 / Revised: 28 December 2020 / Accepted: 28 December 2020 / Published: 21 April 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is useful for diagnosing diffuse lung disease and excluding other conditions. However, acute exacerbations (AEs) are recognized as important complications of BAL in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to identify risk factors for BAL-induced AEs in patients with IPF. Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 155 patients with suspected IPF who had undergone BAL between January 2013 and December 2018. BAL-related AE was defined as the development of AE within 30 days after the procedure. We compared clinical features and parameters between patients with AE (AE group) and without AE (non-AE group). We also reviewed the relevant reported literature. Results: Among the 155 patients, 5 (3.2%) developed AE within 30 days after BAL. The average duration from BAL to AE onset was 7.8 days (2–16 days). Results from the univariate analysis revealed PaO2 < 75 mm Hg (p = 0.036), neutrophil content in BAL ≥ 7% (p = 0.0061), %DLCO < 50% (p = 0.019), Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) stage III (p = 0.034), and BAL recovery rates < 30% (p < 0.001) as significant risk factors for post-BAL AE. All five patients who developed AE recovered and were discharged. Conclusions: Disease severity, high neutrophil levels in BAL, and poor BAL recovery rates may be risk factors for BAL-induced AEs.
Keywords: bronchoalveolar lavage; C-reactive protein; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; interstitial lung disease; risk factor bronchoalveolar lavage; C-reactive protein; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; interstitial lung disease; risk factor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Abe, M.; Tsushima, K.; Ishii, D.; Shikano, K.; Yoshioka, K.; Sakayori, M.; Suzuki, M.; Hirasawa, Y.; Ishiwata, T.; Kawasaki, T.; et al. Risk Factors for Acute Exacerbation Following Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Adv. Respir. Med. 2021, 89, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0012

AMA Style

Abe M, Tsushima K, Ishii D, Shikano K, Yoshioka K, Sakayori M, Suzuki M, Hirasawa Y, Ishiwata T, Kawasaki T, et al. Risk Factors for Acute Exacerbation Following Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2021; 89(2):101-109. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0012

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abe, Mitsuhiro, Kenji Tsushima, Daisuke Ishii, Kohei Shikano, Keiichiro Yoshioka, Masashi Sakayori, Masaki Suzuki, Yasutaka Hirasawa, Tsukasa Ishiwata, Takeshi Kawasaki, and et al. 2021. "Risk Factors for Acute Exacerbation Following Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study" Advances in Respiratory Medicine 89, no. 2: 101-109. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0012

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