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Review

Recent Trends and Future Directions in 3D Printing of Biocompatible Polymers

by
Maryam Aftab
1,†,
Sania Ikram
2,†,
Muneeb Ullah
3,
Niyamat Khan
4,
Muhammad Naeem
2,*,
Muhammad Amir Khan
5,
Rakhmonov Bakhrombek Bakhtiyor o’g’li
6,
Kamalova Sayyorakhon Salokhiddin Qizi
6,
Oribjonov Otabek Erkinjon Ugli
6,
Bekkulova Mokhigul Abdurasulovna
7 and
Oribjonova Khadisakhon Abdumutallib Qizi
6
1
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad 45520, Pakistan
2
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
3
College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geoumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Anatomy Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
5
Department of Foreign Medical Education, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, 2A Yangi Turon Street, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
6
Department of Hospital Therapy, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
7
Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana 150100, Uzbekistan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2025, 9(4), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9040129
Submission received: 16 March 2025 / Revised: 6 April 2025 / Accepted: 11 April 2025 / Published: 14 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 3D Printing Technologies: Materials, Processes, and Applications)
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting using biocompatible polymers has emerged as a revolutionary technique in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These biopolymers mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and enhance cellular behavior. The current review presents recent advancements in additive manufacturing processes including Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and inkjet printing. It also explores the fundamentals of 3D printing and the properties of biocompatible polymers for 3D bioprinting. By mixing biopolymers, enhancing rheological characteristics, and adding bioactive components, further advancements have been made for organ transplantation, drug development, and tissue engineering. As research progresses, the potential for 3D bioprinting to fundamentally transform the healthcare system is becoming obvious and clear. However, the therapeutic potential of printed structures is hindered by issues such as material anisotropy, poor mechanical properties, and the need for more biocompatible and biodegradable architectures. Future research should concentrate on optimizing the 3D bioprinting process using sophisticated computational techniques, systematically examining the characteristics of biopolymers, customizing bioinks for different cell types, and exploring sustainable materials.
Keywords: 3D bioprinting; extracellular matrix; biopolymers; stereolithography; fused deposition modeling; selective laser sintering; inkjet printing 3D bioprinting; extracellular matrix; biopolymers; stereolithography; fused deposition modeling; selective laser sintering; inkjet printing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aftab, M.; Ikram, S.; Ullah, M.; Khan, N.; Naeem, M.; Khan, M.A.; Bakhtiyor o’g’li, R.B.; Qizi, K.S.S.; Erkinjon Ugli, O.O.; Abdurasulovna, B.M.; et al. Recent Trends and Future Directions in 3D Printing of Biocompatible Polymers. J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2025, 9, 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9040129

AMA Style

Aftab M, Ikram S, Ullah M, Khan N, Naeem M, Khan MA, Bakhtiyor o’g’li RB, Qizi KSS, Erkinjon Ugli OO, Abdurasulovna BM, et al. Recent Trends and Future Directions in 3D Printing of Biocompatible Polymers. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2025; 9(4):129. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9040129

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aftab, Maryam, Sania Ikram, Muneeb Ullah, Niyamat Khan, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Amir Khan, Rakhmonov Bakhrombek Bakhtiyor o’g’li, Kamalova Sayyorakhon Salokhiddin Qizi, Oribjonov Otabek Erkinjon Ugli, Bekkulova Mokhigul Abdurasulovna, and et al. 2025. "Recent Trends and Future Directions in 3D Printing of Biocompatible Polymers" Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 9, no. 4: 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9040129

APA Style

Aftab, M., Ikram, S., Ullah, M., Khan, N., Naeem, M., Khan, M. A., Bakhtiyor o’g’li, R. B., Qizi, K. S. S., Erkinjon Ugli, O. O., Abdurasulovna, B. M., & Qizi, O. K. A. (2025). Recent Trends and Future Directions in 3D Printing of Biocompatible Polymers. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 9(4), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9040129

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