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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Dual Beam Laser Welding of Superduplex Stainless Steel: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrochemical Behavior

by
Lucia Kopčanová
1,2,
Tomáš Dvorák
1,
María Angeles Arenas
3,
Erika Hodúlová
1,*,
Ana Conde
3,
Miroslav Čavojský
1,
Juan Jose de Damborenea
3,
Martin Nosko
1 and
Naďa Beronská
1
1
Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences (IMSAS), Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Námestie Slobody 2910/17, 812 31 Bratislava, Slovakia
3
Departamento de Corrosión y Protección, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM/CSIC), Avenida Gregorio del Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2026, 10(5), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp10050181
Submission received: 21 April 2026 / Revised: 14 May 2026 / Accepted: 18 May 2026 / Published: 21 May 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

Dual beam laser welding of UNS S32750 superduplex stainless steel was performed to investigate the effect of beam-power distribution on microstructure and mechanical properties. Plates with a thickness of 3 mm were welded at a constant total power and travel speed using leading and lagging power splits of 50:50, 80:20, and 65:35. The heat affected zone width was metallographically estimated at approximately 100 µm for all conditions, consistent with comparable gross thermal exposure under constant nominal linear energy input (Ptotal/v). A slight modification to the power distribution altered the solidification texture and austenite morphology. The 50:50 configuration produced a refined ferritic matrix with a continuous network of grain boundaries, Widmanstätten, and intragranular acicular austenite. The 80:20 condition increased ferrite path continuity, while the 65:35 split produced an intermediate morphology. Vickers hardness reached a maximum for the 80:20 split (HAZ: 345 HV; weld metal: 349 HV). Ultimate tensile strength remained statistically constant between 908 MPa and 914 MPa, whereas elongation decreased from 28% at 50:50 to 24% at 80:20 and 23% at 65:35. All welds exhibited ductile fracture with microvoid coalescence, and electrochemical performance was comparable, with critical pitting temperature values between 78 °C and 91 °C. Beam power distribution primarily affects solidification morphology and enables control of the hardness-to-ductility balance, with a 50:50 split providing the most favorable combination of properties.
Keywords: duplex steel; dual beam; laser welding; weld joint; microstructure; mechanical properties; corrosion duplex steel; dual beam; laser welding; weld joint; microstructure; mechanical properties; corrosion

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kopčanová, L.; Dvorák, T.; Arenas, M.A.; Hodúlová, E.; Conde, A.; Čavojský, M.; de Damborenea, J.J.; Nosko, M.; Beronská, N. Dual Beam Laser Welding of Superduplex Stainless Steel: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrochemical Behavior. J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2026, 10, 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp10050181

AMA Style

Kopčanová L, Dvorák T, Arenas MA, Hodúlová E, Conde A, Čavojský M, de Damborenea JJ, Nosko M, Beronská N. Dual Beam Laser Welding of Superduplex Stainless Steel: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrochemical Behavior. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2026; 10(5):181. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp10050181

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kopčanová, Lucia, Tomáš Dvorák, María Angeles Arenas, Erika Hodúlová, Ana Conde, Miroslav Čavojský, Juan Jose de Damborenea, Martin Nosko, and Naďa Beronská. 2026. "Dual Beam Laser Welding of Superduplex Stainless Steel: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrochemical Behavior" Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 10, no. 5: 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp10050181

APA Style

Kopčanová, L., Dvorák, T., Arenas, M. A., Hodúlová, E., Conde, A., Čavojský, M., de Damborenea, J. J., Nosko, M., & Beronská, N. (2026). Dual Beam Laser Welding of Superduplex Stainless Steel: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrochemical Behavior. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 10(5), 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp10050181

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