An Analysis of the Use of Multiple Transmission Power Levels on Wireless Sensor Networks †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Works and Methodology
2.1. Mote Architecture
2.2. Energy Consumption
2.3. Primary and Secondary Energy Consumption
2.4. Transmission Power Levels
2.5. Network Lifetime
2.6. Network Cost
2.7. Message Log
- Listened Messages: All messages received by a mote, regardless their addressee.
- Rerouted Messages: All messages that a mote had to reroute in order to reach the base station.
- Overheard Messages: Only the messages that a mote received but were not addressed to it.
- Generated Messages: All messages created and transmitted by a mote.
3. Simulations and Results
3.1. Primary and Secondary Consumption
3.2. Energy Consumption Profile
3.3. Lifetime
3.4. Network Cost per Working Hour
3.5. Message Log
4. Conclusion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Transmission Power/Reach | Radio-Tx | Radio-Rx | Microcontroller | Sensor |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 hop | 32.03% | 24.70% | 41.18% | 2.08% |
2 hops | 77.47% | 11.18% | 10.38% | 0.96% |
3 hops | 91.11% | 4.96% | 3.48% | 0.44% |
4 hops | 95.57% | 2.61% | 1.56% | 0.24% |
5 hops | 97.52% | 1.52% | 0.80% | 0.15% |
Base station | 99.47% | 0.34% | 0.14% | 0.04% |
Radio | Microcontroller | Sensor |
---|---|---|
47.61% | 23.81% | 28.58% |
Traffic Load (msg/s) | Lifetime (in Hours)—1 hop | Lifetime (in Hours)—2 hops | Lifetime (in Hours)—3 hops | Lifetime (in Hours)—4 hops | Lifetime (in Hours)—5 hops | Lifetime (in Hours)—Max Power |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.16 x 10−5 | 7111.35 | 7067.55 | 6981.56 | 6863.59 | 6568.67 | 4797.62 |
2.78 x 10−4 | 6457.86 | 5690.14 | 4595.49 | 3614.01 | 2307.02 | 561.01 |
0.00166 | 4364.89 | 2821.47 | 1651.28 | 1041.33 | 526.16 | 100.01 |
0.166 | 969.93 | 437.78 | 208.51 | 119.86 | 56.35 | 10.13 |
0.1 | 182.28 | 76.89 | 35.62 | 20.26 | 9.45 | 1.69 |
1 | 18.65 | 7.76 | 3.57 | 2.10 | 0.94 | 0.17 |
Traffic Load (msg/s) | Network Cost Per Hour—1 Hop | Network Cost Per Hour—2 Hops | Network Cost Per Hour—3 Hops | Network Cost Per Hour—4 Hops | Network Cost Per Hour—5 Hops | Network Cost Per Hour—Max Power |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.16 x 10−5 | US$0.06 | US$0.06 | US$0.06 | US$0.06 | US$0.07 | US$0.09 |
2.78 x 10−4 | US$0.06 | US$0.07 | US$0.10 | US$0.12 | US$0.19 | US$0.79 |
0.00166 | US$0.10 | US$0.16 | US$0.27 | US$0.42 | US$0.84 | US$4.45 |
0.166 | US$0.46 | US$1.01 | US$2.13 | US$3.71 | US$7.90 | US$43.94 |
0.1 | US$2.44 | US$5.79 | US$12.49 | US$21.97 | US$47.10 | US$263.37 |
1 | US$23.86 | US$57.36 | US$124.68 | US$211.95 | US$473.51 | US$2618.23 |
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Miranda, F.A.M.; Cardieri, P. An Analysis of the Use of Multiple Transmission Power Levels on Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings 2019, 4, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05739
Miranda FAM, Cardieri P. An Analysis of the Use of Multiple Transmission Power Levels on Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings. 2019; 4(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05739
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiranda, Felipe Antonio Moura, and Paulo Cardieri. 2019. "An Analysis of the Use of Multiple Transmission Power Levels on Wireless Sensor Networks" Proceedings 4, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05739
APA StyleMiranda, F. A. M., & Cardieri, P. (2019). An Analysis of the Use of Multiple Transmission Power Levels on Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings, 4(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05739