Integrating Crop Modelling, Physiology, Genetics and Breeding to Aid Crop Improvement for Changing Environments in the Australian Wheatbelt ^†

Despite recent progress in genetics, genomics, and phenotyping, trait selection is limited by our ability to predict genotype x environment interactions, and to identify impactful traits for target environments. Here, we combined crop modelling, physiology, genetics, and breeding to identify relevant traits to increase wheat yields in the target environments of the Australian wheatbelt, develop high-throughput phenotyping methods for relevant traits, and identify their underlying genetic controls. Better transpiration efficiency (i.e., ‘more crop per drop’) and its components were identified as traits of interest and used as an example to illustrate how integrating modelling, phenotyping, and genetics can be used to improve crop adaptation. We anticipate that such an approach can enhance the efficiency of breeding programmes to increase productivity in target environments in current and future climates.