Monitoring the Use of Pelagic Fish Aggregation Devices by Largemouth Bass Using Tridimensional Fine-Scale Acoustic Positional Telemetry ^†

Abstract

Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs), traditionally used to attract and concentrate fish, can also serve as effective environmental enrichment tools in reservoirs, particularly in those with homogeneous characteristics and scarce refuge habitat, enhancing structural complexity and promoting recreational fishing opportunities. This study aimed to evaluate patterns in the use of prototype fish aggregation devices (FADs) in small size reservoirs. It was conducted at the Nascentes Reservoir (Crato), a small Mediterranean reservoir (ca. 10 ha) located in southern Portugal. These FADs were installed to enhance refuge habitat for fish species of interest to recreational fisheries, particularly largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepède, 1802), thereby promoting the occurrence of trophy specimens. Two types of FADs were deployed and tested: (1) bank FADs (TREES), used in shallow waters near the margins; and (2) pelagic FADs (DAPs), suspended in the water column in deeper areas at the center of the reservoir. To monitor movement patterns and habitat use, an acoustic telemetry receiver array was deployed with a design to secure a three-dimensional fine-scale positioning with high accuracy. A total of 20 largemouth bass were tagged with acoustic transmitters equipped with pressure (i.e., depth) sensors. A before–after approach was used with 10 fish tracked before FAD deployment and 10 after. Results of fish behavior analysis provide strong evidence of fish using DAPs, but not TREES. In the presence of FADs, fish reduced their home ranges and movement amplitudes, becoming closely associated with these artificial habitats. Several environmental predictors explained fish behavior in the presence of artificial refuges, namely, diel period, moonlight intensity, and fish depth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of guidelines for refuge habitat enhancement in small- to medium-sized Mediterranean reservoirs, thereby increasing their recreational fishing attractiveness.