Diagnostic Innovation vs. Sustainable Disposal: The Waste Dilemma in RT-qPCR Testing and Its Ecological and Financial Costs to Public Health ^†

Introduction: RT-qPCR represents a crucial diagnostic innovation in the epidemiological surveillance of respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. However, this technology generates a significant volume of residues, with socio-environmental and economic implications. This study analyzed the dilemma between diagnostic innovation and sustainable disposal, focusing on the physical, chemical, and biological waste generated by screening, amplification, and, mainly, by the genomic extraction step for RT-qPCR at the Central Public Health Laboratory of the Federal District (LACEN-DF). Methodology: The methodology included quantifying the mass of disposable supplies per 96-well assay and projecting for different periods, in addition to estimating incineration costs. Results: The results showed that each sample well processed (including screening, aliquoting, and extraction) generates approximately 32.75 g of waste. With an average of two extractions per day during periods without seasonal outbreaks, LACEN-DF generates approximately 6288.70 g of waste per day, totaling more than 2.2 tons annually. This waste, predominantly polypropylene, is single-use, infectious, and requires incineration, at an approximate annual cost of R$ 8000.00. The low recyclability of polypropylene (only 1%), its slow degradation, and the release of toxins during incineration highlight the ecological costs. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the diagnostic innovation by RT-qPCR poses a substantial challenge to sustainable disposal in the public health system, requiring more effective strategies to mitigate environmental and financial impacts.