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Abstract

Influence of Material Type, Surface Finish, and Oral Hygiene on Microbial Colonization of Denture Bases †

by
Alexandra-Denisa Stoian
1,2,
Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean
2,*,
Monica Sorina Licker
3,4,
Caius Stoian
5,6,
Robert-Ramzi Azar
1,
Giorgiana Boici
1,
Cosmin Sinescu
5,6 and
Meda-Lavinia Negruțiu
5,6
1
PhD School—Dental Medicine Domain, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
2
Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
3
Microbiology Department, Multidisciplinary Research Center of Antimicrobial Resistance, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
4
Microbiology Laboratory, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Clinical County University Hospital, 300723 Timişoara, Romania
5
Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
6
Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 E. Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches and Emerging Trends in Pharmaceutical Doctoral Research: Innovation and Integration, Timisoara, Romania, 7–9 July 2025.
Proceedings 2025, 127(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025127028
Published: 20 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches and Emerging Trends in Pharmaceutical Doctoral Research: Innovation and Integration)
Versions Notes

Microbial colonization of denture bases plays a key role in the development of denture stomatitis and other oral conditions, with Candida albicans being the main etiologic agent [1,2]. The type of prosthetic material, manufacturing method, and oral hygiene habit determines the factors of biofilm formation [3].
This study aims to synthesize conclusions from recent review articles regarding the influence of material, surface finishing, and hygiene practices on the microbial colonization of denture bases. Three review articles (reviews and narrative reviews) were analyzed [1,2,3]. The focus was placed on microbial colonization of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases fabricated by conventional methods, CAD/CAM milling, or 3D printing, with or without surface treatments.
Milled PMMA exhibited the lowest level of microbial colonization, while 3D-printed resins were more susceptible, especially in the absence of surface glazing. Antimicrobial agents (e.g., ZnO or TiO2 nanoparticles) and rigorous hygiene practices significantly reduced biofilm formation. A notable synergistic relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans was also reported, increasing the risk for chronic oral infections [4,5].
Material selection, surface finishing, and proper hygiene are critical to preventing microbial colonization on dentures. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of antimicrobial modifications and to standardize microbiological testing protocols.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.-D.S., L.C.A. and M.-L.N.; methodology, M.S.L., L.C.A. and C.S. (Cosmin Sinescu); validation, M.S.L. and L.C.A.; formal analysis, M.-L.N.; investigation, A.-D.S., C.S. (Caius Stoian), R.-R.A. and G.B.; resources, A.-D.S. and C.S. (Caius Stoian); data curation, M.S.L. and L.C.A.; writing—original draft preparation, A.-D.S., C.S. (Caius Stoian) and L.C.A.; writing—review and editing, L.C.A., M.-L.N. and C.S. (Cosmin Sinescu); visualization, C.S. (Caius Stoian); supervision, M.-L.N. and C.S. (Cosmin Sinescu); project administration, L.C.A. and M.-L.N.; funding acquisition, A.-D.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

Grant No. 211/192/2199_25.09.2024, PhD School—Dental Medicine Domain, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Data is contained within the article.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Kumar, S.M.; Natarajan, S.; Ks, S.; Sundarajan, S.K.; Natarajan, P.; Arockiam, A.S. Dentures and the oral microbiome: Unraveling the hidden impact on edentulous and partially edentulous patients—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid. Based Dent. 2025, 26, 150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Alqarawi, F.K.; Gad, M.M. Tendency of microbial adhesion to denture base resins: A systematic review. Front. Oral Health. 2024, 5, 1375186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Redfern, J.; Tosheva, L.; Malic, S.; Butcher, M.; Ramage, G.; Verran, J. The denture microbiome in health and disease: An exploration of a unique community. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2022, 75, 195–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Mlinarić, N.M.; Zore, A.; Veselinovic, V.; Trtić, N.; Dolić, O.; Štukelj, R.; Abram, A.; Učakar, A.; Adamović, T.; Vidrih, R.; et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Doped with CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles. ACS Omega 2025, 10, 13060–13072. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. Zidan, Y.S.; Abdel-Hamid, R.H.; Elshiekh, R.M.; El Gohary, S.M. Effect of nanogold incorporation into polymethyl methacrylate denture bases on microbial activity in implant-retained mandibular overdentures. Int. J. Implant Dent. 2025, 11, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Stoian, A.-D.; Ardelean, L.C.; Licker, M.S.; Stoian, C.; Azar, R.-R.; Boici, G.; Sinescu, C.; Negruțiu, M.-L. Influence of Material Type, Surface Finish, and Oral Hygiene on Microbial Colonization of Denture Bases. Proceedings 2025, 127, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025127028

AMA Style

Stoian A-D, Ardelean LC, Licker MS, Stoian C, Azar R-R, Boici G, Sinescu C, Negruțiu M-L. Influence of Material Type, Surface Finish, and Oral Hygiene on Microbial Colonization of Denture Bases. Proceedings. 2025; 127(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025127028

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stoian, Alexandra-Denisa, Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean, Monica Sorina Licker, Caius Stoian, Robert-Ramzi Azar, Giorgiana Boici, Cosmin Sinescu, and Meda-Lavinia Negruțiu. 2025. "Influence of Material Type, Surface Finish, and Oral Hygiene on Microbial Colonization of Denture Bases" Proceedings 127, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025127028

APA Style

Stoian, A.-D., Ardelean, L. C., Licker, M. S., Stoian, C., Azar, R.-R., Boici, G., Sinescu, C., & Negruțiu, M.-L. (2025). Influence of Material Type, Surface Finish, and Oral Hygiene on Microbial Colonization of Denture Bases. Proceedings, 127(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025127028

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