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Abstract

Enhancing Photodegradation of Congo Red Dye under Visible Light Irradiation via ZnO Photocatalyst: Process Optimization using Response Surface Methodology †

Laboratory of Process Engineering, Materials and Environment, Faculty of Technology, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Presented at the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering (ECP 2024), 29–31 May 2024; Available online: https://sciforum.net/event/ECP2024.
Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105108
Published: 28 May 2024
The Red Congo (RC) dye, widely employed across various industrial sectors such as textiles, food, and pharmaceuticals, owes its popularity to its deep red hue. However, despite its widespread usage, the presence of Red Congo raises significant environmental and health concerns. Due to its stable structure, CR dye is non-biodegradable, leading to severe health disorders in humans. Its extensive application in dyeing textiles, food products, medications, and other items often contributes to environmental issues, particularly wastewater pollution. The intricate chemical composition and resistance to the degradation of Red Congo present considerable challenges for wastewater treatment and pollution control. Consequently, researchers specializing in water treatment are increasingly driven to develop effective methods for removing Red Congo from industrial effluents.
This study focuses on the degradation of RC through a photocatalytic process utilizing zinc oxide (ZnO). The efficiency of ZnO as a photocatalyst is optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Behnken design (BBD) under visible light conditions. Parameters, including the RC concentration (ranging from 20 to 60 mg/L), photocatalyst dosage (from 100 to 500 mg/L), and irradiation duration (from 20 to 100 min), are examined to evaluate their impact on the RC degradation rate (%). This study achieves an optimal photodegradation efficiency of up to 100% at an RC concentration of 20.24 mg/L, a ZnO dosage of 495.06 mg/L, and an irradiation duration of 97.71 min.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources and Writing—original draft preparation S.O.B.; validation, formal analysis, project administration, supervision and validation K.B.; Data curation. M.L.H.; Visualization A.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

No applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

No applicable.

Data Availability Statement

No applicable.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Oulad Brahim, S.; Benouis, K.; Hamel, M.L.; Ghazi, A. Enhancing Photodegradation of Congo Red Dye under Visible Light Irradiation via ZnO Photocatalyst: Process Optimization using Response Surface Methodology. Proceedings 2024, 105, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105108

AMA Style

Oulad Brahim S, Benouis K, Hamel ML, Ghazi A. Enhancing Photodegradation of Congo Red Dye under Visible Light Irradiation via ZnO Photocatalyst: Process Optimization using Response Surface Methodology. Proceedings. 2024; 105(1):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105108

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oulad Brahim, Sabrina, Khedidja Benouis, Marwa Lamise Hamel, and Anes Ghazi. 2024. "Enhancing Photodegradation of Congo Red Dye under Visible Light Irradiation via ZnO Photocatalyst: Process Optimization using Response Surface Methodology" Proceedings 105, no. 1: 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105108

APA Style

Oulad Brahim, S., Benouis, K., Hamel, M. L., & Ghazi, A. (2024). Enhancing Photodegradation of Congo Red Dye under Visible Light Irradiation via ZnO Photocatalyst: Process Optimization using Response Surface Methodology. Proceedings, 105(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105108

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