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Volume 6
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Review

Nitrous Oxide Production and Mitigation Through Nitrification Inhibitors in Agricultural Soils: A Mechanistic Understanding and Comprehensive Evaluation of Influencing Factors

by
Sandeep Kumar Malyan
1,*,
Damini Maithani
2 and
Vineet Kumar
3
1
Department of Environmental Studies, Dyal Singh Evening College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110003, India
2
Department of Natural Resource Management-Plant Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Sadar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agricultural and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
3
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nitrogen 2025, 6(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen6010014
Submission received: 5 November 2024 / Revised: 9 February 2025 / Accepted: 25 February 2025 / Published: 9 March 2025
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Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and agriculture represents more than fifty percent of total anthropogenic emissions. The production of N2O in soil is biogenic through nitrification, denitrification, chemonitrification, nitrifier denitrification, etc., which are processes influenced by the soil pH, temperature, moisture, oxygen concentration, organic carbon, and soil nitrogen. Higher N2O emissions from the soil result in lower nitrogen use efficiency and higher environmental pollution in terms of global warming. Therefore, an understanding of different pathways for N2O production in soil and the affecting factors is essential to mitigate N2O emissions from soil to the atmosphere. Nitrification inhibitor application has been reported in many studies, but the impact of nitrification inhibitors in different perennials (orchards) and biennials (rice, wheat, maize, etc.) is not lacking. In this study, we develop an understanding of different N2O production pathways and different influencing factors. The role of the different nitrification inhibitors was also developed to achieve low N2O emissions from soils to the atmosphere.
Keywords: global warming; nitrous oxide; nitrification; denitrification; nitrification inhibitors; mitigation global warming; nitrous oxide; nitrification; denitrification; nitrification inhibitors; mitigation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Malyan, S.K.; Maithani, D.; Kumar, V. Nitrous Oxide Production and Mitigation Through Nitrification Inhibitors in Agricultural Soils: A Mechanistic Understanding and Comprehensive Evaluation of Influencing Factors. Nitrogen 2025, 6, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen6010014

AMA Style

Malyan SK, Maithani D, Kumar V. Nitrous Oxide Production and Mitigation Through Nitrification Inhibitors in Agricultural Soils: A Mechanistic Understanding and Comprehensive Evaluation of Influencing Factors. Nitrogen. 2025; 6(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen6010014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Malyan, Sandeep Kumar, Damini Maithani, and Vineet Kumar. 2025. "Nitrous Oxide Production and Mitigation Through Nitrification Inhibitors in Agricultural Soils: A Mechanistic Understanding and Comprehensive Evaluation of Influencing Factors" Nitrogen 6, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen6010014

APA Style

Malyan, S. K., Maithani, D., & Kumar, V. (2025). Nitrous Oxide Production and Mitigation Through Nitrification Inhibitors in Agricultural Soils: A Mechanistic Understanding and Comprehensive Evaluation of Influencing Factors. Nitrogen, 6(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen6010014

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