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Article

Human and Livestock Surveillance Revealed the Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Agnam, Northern Senegal, 2021

by
Moufid Mhamadi
1,2,†,
Aminata Badji
3,†,
Mamadou Aliou Barry
4,†,
El Hadji Ndiaye
3,
Alioune Gaye
3,
Mignane Ndiaye
1,
Moundhir Mhamadi
5,
Cheikh Talibouya Touré
1,
Oumar Ndiaye
1,5,
Babacar Faye
2,*,
Boly Diop
6,
Mamadou Ndiaye
6,
Mathioro Fall
7,
Andy Mahine Diouf
1,
Samba Niang Sagne
4,
Cheikh Loucoubar
4,
Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
8,
Ara XIII
9,
Amadou Alpha Sall
1,
Gary Kobinger
9,
Ousmane Faye
1,
Mawlouth Diallo
3 and
Oumar Faye
1,*add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal
2
Parasitology Department, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 10700, Senegal
3
Medical Zoology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal
4
Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal
5
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, DIATROPIX, Dakar 12900, Senegal
6
Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar 12900, Senegal
7
Ministry of Livestock and Animal Production, Dakar 12900, Senegal
8
Global Urgent and Advanced Research and Development, Batiscan, QC G0X 1A0, Canada
9
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0132, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(2), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020087
Submission received: 15 November 2022 / Revised: 8 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 January 2023 / Published: 27 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Diseases/Viruses Prevention: Control, Surveillance, and One Health)
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Abstract

The mosquito-borne disease caused by the Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is a viral hemorrhagic fever that affects humans and animals. In 1987, RVFV emerged in Mauritania, which caused the first RVFV outbreak in West Africa. This outbreak was shortly followed by reported cases in humans and livestock in Senegal. Animal trade practices with neighboring Mauritania suggest northern regions of Senegal are at high risk for RVF. In this study, we aim to conduct a molecular and serological survey of RVFV in humans and livestock in Agnam (northeastern Senegal) by RT-PCR (reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction) and ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), respectively. Of the two hundred fifty-five human sera, one (0.39%) tested RVFV IgM positive, while fifty-three (20.78%) tested positive for RVFV IgG. For animal monitoring, out of 30 sheep recorded and sampled over the study period, 20 (66.67%) showed seroconversion to RVFV IgG antibodies, notably during the rainy season. The presence of antibodies increased significantly with age in both groups (p < 0.05), as the force of RVF infection (FOI), increased by 16.05% per year for humans and by 80.4% per month for livestock sheep. This study supports the usefulness of setting up a One Health survey for RVF management.
Keywords: Rift Valley Fever Virus; survey; humans; livestock; northeastern Senegal Rift Valley Fever Virus; survey; humans; livestock; northeastern Senegal

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mhamadi, M.; Badji, A.; Barry, M.A.; Ndiaye, E.H.; Gaye, A.; Ndiaye, M.; Mhamadi, M.; Touré, C.T.; Ndiaye, O.; Faye, B.; et al. Human and Livestock Surveillance Revealed the Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Agnam, Northern Senegal, 2021. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020087

AMA Style

Mhamadi M, Badji A, Barry MA, Ndiaye EH, Gaye A, Ndiaye M, Mhamadi M, Touré CT, Ndiaye O, Faye B, et al. Human and Livestock Surveillance Revealed the Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Agnam, Northern Senegal, 2021. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2023; 8(2):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020087

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mhamadi, Moufid, Aminata Badji, Mamadou Aliou Barry, El Hadji Ndiaye, Alioune Gaye, Mignane Ndiaye, Moundhir Mhamadi, Cheikh Talibouya Touré, Oumar Ndiaye, Babacar Faye, and et al. 2023. "Human and Livestock Surveillance Revealed the Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Agnam, Northern Senegal, 2021" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 2: 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020087

APA Style

Mhamadi, M., Badji, A., Barry, M. A., Ndiaye, E. H., Gaye, A., Ndiaye, M., Mhamadi, M., Touré, C. T., Ndiaye, O., Faye, B., Diop, B., Ndiaye, M., Fall, M., Diouf, A. M., Sagne, S. N., Loucoubar, C., Fausther-Bovendo, H., Ara, XIII, Sall, A. A., ... Faye, O. (2023). Human and Livestock Surveillance Revealed the Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Agnam, Northern Senegal, 2021. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020087

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