Progression Rate from the Indeterminate Form to the Cardiac Form in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease: Twenty-Two-Year Follow-Up in a Brazilian Urban Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Data Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total Patients (n = 550) | Progressors (n = 37) | Non-Progressors (n = 512) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 44.25 ± 11.55 | 47.8 ± 12.2 | 44 ± 11.5 | 0.05 |
Follow-up time (months) | 65 ± 42 | 73 ± 48 | 64 ± 42 | 0.25 |
Male | 269 (48.9%) | 18 (48.7%) | 251 (48.9%) | 0.97 |
Hypertension | 180 (32.7%) | 16 (43.2%) | 164 (32%) | 0.16 |
Diabetes | 23 (4.2%) | 4 (10.8%) | 19 (3.7%) | 0.06 |
Dyslipidemia | 133 (24.2%) | 13 (35.1%) | 120 (23.4%) | 0.11 |
Associated heart disease | 16 (2.9%) | 6 (16.2%) | 10 (1.95%) | <0.001 |
From State of BA/MG | 254 (46.2%) | 24 (64.9%) | 230 (44.8%) | 0.018 |
Living in a non-endemic area ≥20 anos | 299 (54.4%) | 29 (78.4%) | 270 (52.6%) | 0.002 |
Positive xenodiagnosis ¥ | 37 (34.6%) | 6/7 (85.7%) | 31/100 (31%) | 0.007 |
Previous benzonidazol treatment | 99 (18%) | 6 (16.2%) | 93 (18.1%) | 0.77 |
Altered echocardiogram | 31 (5.6%) | 3 (8.1%) | 28 (5.5%) | 0.46 |
ID | Sex | Time to Progression (Months) | Age at Beginning (Years) | Age at Progression (Years) | Initial ECG | ECG at Progression | Initial ECHO | Initial ECHO Abnormality | Initial LVEF | ECHO at Progression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | M | 48 | 67 | 69 | NORMAL | PRA | NORMAL | ‒ | 77% | NORMAL |
2 | M | 127 | 45 | 55 | NORMAL | RBBB3° + LAFB + IVPB | ABNORMAL | LVH | 56% | ANEU + LVEF = 52% |
3 | M | 75 | 33 | 39 | NORMAL | PRA + RBBB2° | NORMAL | ‒ | 63% | NORMAL |
4 | M | 84 | 35 | 42 | NORMAL | RBBB3° + FVPB | NORMAL | ‒ | 71% | LVH |
5 | M | 22 | 56 | 58 | MAP | FVPB | ABNORMAL | SEG DIS | 50% | NORMAL |
6 | M | 43 | 43 | 45 | NORMAL | RBBB2° | NORMAL | ‒ | 67% | NORMAL |
7 | M | 35 | 47 | 50 | SBRAD + AVB1° | PRA + FVPB | ABNORMAL | SEG DIS | 55% | LVH + DIS/LVEF = 40% |
8 | F | 90 | 74 | 81 | AVB1° | LAFB + AFL | ABNORMAL | SEG DIS | 54% | NORMAL |
9 | M | 89 | 59 | 66 | NORMAL | AF | NORMAL | ‒ | 64% | LVH + DIS/LVEF = 53% |
10 | M | 178 | 44 | 59 | NORMAL | PRA + AVB1° + LAFB + LBBB2° | NORMAL | ‒ | 64% | DIS/LVEF = 54% |
11 | M | 117 | 20 | 29 | AS | LBBB3° | ABNORMAL | LVH | 56% | LVH + DIS/LVEF = 49% |
12 | F | 25 | 37 | 39 | SRA | EIA | ABNORMAL | ANEU | 61% | NORMAL |
13 | F | 43 | 57 | 60 | SBRAD + SRA | PRA | ABNORMAL | LVH | 74% | NORMAL |
14 | M | 31 | 29 | 31 | LAFB | PRA + LAFB | NORMAL | ‒ | 70% | NORMAL |
15 | M | 79 | 20 | 26 | NORMAL | SBRAD + AVB1° + RBBB3° + LAFB | NORMAL | ‒ | 69% | NORMAL |
16 | F | 103 | 56 | 63 | IVPB | PRA + IPAC | NORMAL | ‒ | 84% | NORMAL |
17 | F | 84 | 42 | 49 | IVPB | RBBB3° | ABNORMAL | LVH | 73% | NORMAL |
18 | F | 88 | 54 | 61 | AVB1° | LBBB2° | NORMAL | ‒ | 79% | LVH |
19 | F | 44 | 47 | 51 | RBBB1° | PRA +LBBB1° + LV | NORMAL | ‒ | 72% | NORMAL |
20 | M | 138 | 55 | 66 | NORMAL | AF | NORMAL | ‒ | 63% | NORMAL |
21 | F | 89 | 60 | 70 | LBBB1° | RBBB2° + LAFB + IVPB | ABNORMAL | LVH | 75% | ANEU |
22 | M | 33 | 60 | 63 | NORMAL | EIA | NORMAL | ‒ | 69% | NORMAL |
23 | M | 168 | 50 | 54 | NORMAL | RBBB2° + LAFB | NORMAL | ‒ | 73% | NORMAL |
24 | F | 124 | 40 | 50 | NORMAL | PRA + FVPB | NORMAL | ‒ | 68% | LVH + DIS/LVEF = 54% |
25 | F | 19 | 48 | 50 | SBRAD + IPAC | SBRAD + RBBB2° | NORMAL | ‒ | 66% | NORMAL |
26 | F | 21 | 43 | 45 | LAFB + LV | RBBB2° + LAFB + LV | NORMAL | ‒ | 74% | NORMAL |
27 | F | 19 | 43 | 45 | NORMAL | RBBB2° + LAFB | NORMAL | ‒ | 64% | LVH |
28 | F | 192 | 50 | 66 | NORMAL | PRA + SBRAD | NORMAL | ‒ | 68% | NORMAL |
29 | F | 30 | 31 | 34 | SBRAD + LBBB1° | PRA + LAFB + FVPB | NORMAL | ‒ | 65% | NORMAL |
30 | F | 4 | 64 | 64 | SRA | LBBB3° | NORMAL | ‒ | 60% | NORMAL |
31 | M | 45 | 57 | 61 | AS | MAP +LBBB1° + IPAC + FVPB | ABNORMAL | LVH | 74% | DIS/LVEF = 52% |
32 | M | 32 | 37 | 39 | SBRAD | LBBB3° + MAP | NORMAL | ‒ | 63% | NORMAL |
33 | M | 64 | 60 | 65 | SRA | RBBB3° + LAFB + FVPB | ABNORMAL | LVH | 58% | NORMAL |
34 | F | 31 | 50 | 52 | NORMAL | PRA | ABNORMAL | LVH | 74% | NORMAL |
35 | F | 79 | 54 | 60 | NORMAL | RBBB2° | NORMAL | ‒ | 62% | NORMAL |
36 | F | 69 | 52 | 57 | NORMAL | RBBB2° + FVPB | NORMAL | ‒ | 65% | NORMAL |
37 | F | 130 | 50 | 55 | NORMAL | RBBB3° + LAFB + FVPB | NORMAL | ‒ | 64% | NORMAL |
Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Age | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 0.03 | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) | 0.37 |
Associated heart disease | 5.37 (2.22 to 13.00) | <0.001 | 4.10 (1.65 to 10.20) | 0.002 |
From State of BA/MG | 1.68 (0.85 to 3.34) | 0.14 | − | − |
Living in a non-endemic area ≥20 years | 2.44 (1.10 to 5.38) | 0.03 | 1.81 (0.77 to 4.26) | 0.18 |
Positive xenodiagnosis | 1.07 (0.35 to 3.29) | 0.89 | − | − |
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Hasslocher-Moreno, A.M.; Salles Xavier, S.; Magalhães Saraiva, R.; Conde Sangenis, L.H.; Teixeira de Holanda, M.; Horta Veloso, H.; Rodrigues da Costa, A.; de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes, F.; Alvarenga Americano do Brasil, P.E.; Sperandio da Silva, G.M.; et al. Progression Rate from the Indeterminate Form to the Cardiac Form in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease: Twenty-Two-Year Follow-Up in a Brazilian Urban Cohort. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020076
Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Salles Xavier S, Magalhães Saraiva R, Conde Sangenis LH, Teixeira de Holanda M, Horta Veloso H, Rodrigues da Costa A, de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes F, Alvarenga Americano do Brasil PE, Sperandio da Silva GM, et al. Progression Rate from the Indeterminate Form to the Cardiac Form in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease: Twenty-Two-Year Follow-Up in a Brazilian Urban Cohort. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020; 5(2):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020076
Chicago/Turabian StyleHasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel, Sergio Salles Xavier, Roberto Magalhães Saraiva, Luiz Henrique Conde Sangenis, Marcelo Teixeira de Holanda, Henrique Horta Veloso, Andrea Rodrigues da Costa, Fernanda de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes, Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do Brasil, Gilberto Marcelo Sperandio da Silva, and et al. 2020. "Progression Rate from the Indeterminate Form to the Cardiac Form in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease: Twenty-Two-Year Follow-Up in a Brazilian Urban Cohort" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 2: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5020076